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Prevalência e determinantes do uso de álcool entre adolescentes num contexto de uso abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas - Ilha de São Vicente, Cabo Verde
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Abstract(s)
O uso de álcool na adolescência é um fenómeno particularmente preocupante, multidimensional e multifatorial. Os determinantes associados a este complexo comportamento de risco desdobram-se desde as características do indivíduo, aos contextos e relações sociais ou estruturas sociais em que o indivíduo se integra. Em Cabo Verde, a idade mínima legal para o uso do álcool é 18 anos, porém, o uso precoce do álcool é um facto verificado e com tendência de ocorrer em idades cada vez mais precoces. O álcool é a substância psicoativa mais consumida em Cabo Verde e a ilha de São Vicente apresenta a mais elevada taxa de prevalência de consumo de álcool do país. Assim, neste contexto que também se carateriza pelo uso abusivo de álcool, o presente estudo pretende reconhecer a prevalência do uso de álcool entre os adolescentes de São Vicente, identificar os determinantes associados ao uso de álcool entre os adolescentes sãovicentinos e perceber a relação entre álcool, adolescência e o contexto sociocultural, perspetivando intervenções socioeducativas junto do público-alvo do estudo para a prevenção da problemática. O estudo é de natureza quantitativa, descritiva e interpretativa e os resultados foram obtidos a partir de um questionário aplicado a 499 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 17 anos, a frequentar o ensino secundário na ilha de São Vicente. Dos sujeitos participantes, 328 (65,7%) já experimentaram álcool (Grupo 1) e 171 (34,3%) não experimentaram (Grupo 2). Destaca-se que, para o Grupo 1 (n=328), a menor idade registada foi 6 anos e a idade mais elevada foi 17 anos. Quanto à primeira experiência com o álcool, esta aconteceu maioritariamente “Numa festa” (37,2%) e “Em casa” (35,4%), estando “Com amigos” (37,5%) e “Com familiares” (17,4%) e a bebida alcoólica experimentada foi conseguida principalmente das seguintes formas: “Amigos ofereceram (32,5%) e “Encontrou em casa” (19,8%). Nos últimos 12 meses anteriores ao estudo, 45,9% dos adolescentes usou bebidas alcoólicas e 54,1% declararam não ter usado. Nos últimos 30 dias antecedentes ao estudo, 30,5% dos adolescentes usou bebidas alcoólicas e 69,5% não usaram e nos últimos 14 dias, 21,6% usou e 78,4% não usou álcool. O uso de álcool entre adolescentes na ilha de São Vicente está associado a fatores pessoais e sociais, realçando as expetativas dos adolescentes em relação à substância, suas competências pessoais e sociais, influências de pares, hábitos familiares, práticas socioculturais, acessibilidade e disponibilidade de bebidas alcoólicas.
Alcohol use in adolescence is a particularly worrying, multidimensional, and multifactorial phenomenon. The determinants associated with this complex risk behavior range from individual characteristics to the contexts and social relationships or social structures in which they are integrated. In Cape Verde, the minimum legal age for alcohol use is 18, but early alcohol use is a verified fact and tends to occur at increasingly younger ages. Alcohol is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in Cape Verde, and the island of São Vicente has the highest prevalence rate of alcohol consumption in the country. Therefore, in this context, which is also characterized by alcohol abuse, this study aims to assess the prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents in São Vicente, identify the determinants associated with alcohol use among adolescents in São Vicente, and understand the relationship between alcohol, adolescence, and the sociocultural context, envisioning socio-educational interventions for the study's target audience to prevent this problem. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and interpretative study. The results were obtained from a questionnaire administered to a sample of 499 individuals aged 12 to 17 years, attending high school on the island of São Vicente. Of the participating individuals, 328 (65,7%) had already tried alcohol (Group 1) and 171 (34,3%) had not (Group 2). It is noteworthy that, for Group 1 (n=328), the youngest age recorded was 6 years and the oldest age was 17 years. The first experience with alcohol occurred mostly "At a party" (37,2%) and "At home" (35,4%), while "With friends" (37,5%) and "With family" (17,4%) occurred. The alcoholic beverage tried was obtained mainly through the following means: "Friends offered it" (32,5%) and "Found it at home" (19,8%). In the 12 months prior to the study, 45,9% of adolescents used alcoholic beverages and 54,1% reported not having used it. In the 30 days prior to the study, 30,5% of adolescents used alcoholic beverages and 69,5% did not use it. In the last 14 days, 21,6% used alcohol and 78,4% did not use alcohol. Alcohol use among adolescents on the island of São Vicente is associated with personal and social factors, highlighting adolescents' expectations regarding the substance, their personal and social skills, peer influences, family habits, sociocultural practices, accessibility, and availability of alcoholic beverages.
Alcohol use in adolescence is a particularly worrying, multidimensional, and multifactorial phenomenon. The determinants associated with this complex risk behavior range from individual characteristics to the contexts and social relationships or social structures in which they are integrated. In Cape Verde, the minimum legal age for alcohol use is 18, but early alcohol use is a verified fact and tends to occur at increasingly younger ages. Alcohol is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in Cape Verde, and the island of São Vicente has the highest prevalence rate of alcohol consumption in the country. Therefore, in this context, which is also characterized by alcohol abuse, this study aims to assess the prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents in São Vicente, identify the determinants associated with alcohol use among adolescents in São Vicente, and understand the relationship between alcohol, adolescence, and the sociocultural context, envisioning socio-educational interventions for the study's target audience to prevent this problem. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and interpretative study. The results were obtained from a questionnaire administered to a sample of 499 individuals aged 12 to 17 years, attending high school on the island of São Vicente. Of the participating individuals, 328 (65,7%) had already tried alcohol (Group 1) and 171 (34,3%) had not (Group 2). It is noteworthy that, for Group 1 (n=328), the youngest age recorded was 6 years and the oldest age was 17 years. The first experience with alcohol occurred mostly "At a party" (37,2%) and "At home" (35,4%), while "With friends" (37,5%) and "With family" (17,4%) occurred. The alcoholic beverage tried was obtained mainly through the following means: "Friends offered it" (32,5%) and "Found it at home" (19,8%). In the 12 months prior to the study, 45,9% of adolescents used alcoholic beverages and 54,1% reported not having used it. In the 30 days prior to the study, 30,5% of adolescents used alcoholic beverages and 69,5% did not use it. In the last 14 days, 21,6% used alcohol and 78,4% did not use alcohol. Alcohol use among adolescents on the island of São Vicente is associated with personal and social factors, highlighting adolescents' expectations regarding the substance, their personal and social skills, peer influences, family habits, sociocultural practices, accessibility, and availability of alcoholic beverages.
Description
Keywords
Álcool Bebidas alcoólicas Uso precoce de álcool Adolescente Adolescência