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(In)consistency between longitudinal developmental pathways and normative data: the case of cardiorespiratory fitness
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is of paramount importance
in the field of human health and sports sciences. The maintenance of
satisfactory cardiorespiratory fitness levels is related with the prevention of
cardiovascular disease (Ortega et al., 2008), diabetes and obesity (Dwyer
et al., 2009), and school-based interventions have proved a positive effect in
promoting cardiorespiratory fitness (Minatto et al., 2016). Since the more
direct measurement of CRF (VO2max) is complex and expensive, a variety
of indirect tests have been used in field-based protocols such as the 20-m
endurance shuttle run (PACER). International normative data for the
PACER is well established (Tomkinson et al., 2016). Both percentile and
average values show that PACER values are expected to increase from 9-to 17 years of age, although more for boys than girls. Furthermore, CRF values
in youth are expected to track into adulthood. In this presentation we will
show that individual developmental pathways of PACER can be quite
distinct from the widely used normative data. Two hundred and twenty nine
children (56% boys) were followed longitudinally from age 9 to 15.
Multilevel modelling of changes was conducted in HLM 6.0 software.
Ordinary least square (OLS) regressions were used to estimate each child’s
linear regression equation for the PACER test. Children were clustered into
three groups according to their rate of change (slope values), thus representing
distinct developmental pathways (Low, Average and High Rate of
Change). These three developmental pathways were tested on a hierarchical
linear regression (measures within persons), resulting on a very good model
fit. Outputs were compared with the normative data setting. Results showed
that three groups of children with similar rate of change on their developmental
PACER performance can be found, but these pathways do not fully
copy with the normative tables’ information. In conclusion, we suggest that
developmental pathways, using longitudinal information, should be preferably
used for predicting present and future outcomes.
Description
Keywords
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Rodrigues, Luis Paulo; Lopes, Vítor P. (2018). (In)consistency between longitudinal developmental pathways and normative data: the case of cardiorespiratory fitness. In Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. Denver
Publisher
Human Kinetics