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Utilização de wearables e smartphones no pós-operatório de pessoas submetidas a artroplastia total do joelho: scoping review
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Abstract(s)
A artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) é uma intervenção cirúrgica amplamente utilizada no tratamento da osteoartrose avançada do joelho, proporcionando alívio da dor, recuperação da mobilidade e melhoria da qualidade de vida. A eficácia da ATJ está fortemente dependente do sucesso da reabilitação pós-operatória, a qual tem vindo a beneficiar dos avanços tecnológicos, nomeadamente através da utilização de wearables (dispositivos vestíveis) e smartphones. Estas tecnologias emergem como ferramentas inovadoras que permitem uma monitorização contínua, personalizada e, potencialmente, mais acessível para os utentes. A enfermagem de reabilitação tem um papel central na adaptação e implementação destas soluções, exigindo um conhecimento atualizado sobre a sua eficácia e aplicabilidade.
Objetivo: Mapear as principais evidências científicas disponíveis sobre a utilização de wearables e smartphones na reabilitação pós-operatória de utentes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho, identificando os seus benefícios, limitações e implicações para a prática da enfermagem de reabilitação.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma scoping review, segundo a metodologia recomendada pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, com base na estratégia PI[C]OD. A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed) e Web of Science, de publicações entre março de 2021 e março de 2024. Foram incluídos estudos qualitativos, quantitativos e revisões, envolvendo adultos submetidos a ATJ, com intervenções de reabilitação utilizando wearables e/ou smartphones em contexto domiciliário. A análise dos estudos selecionados foi realizada através de leitura integral, extração de dados e síntese descritiva.
Resultados: Foram incluídos oito estudos que cumpriam os critérios de elegibilidade. A maioria dos estudos indicou que a utilização de tecnologias móveis contribui positivamente para a recuperação funcional, promovendo maior adesão à reabilitação, redução das visitas presenciais, melhoria na comunicação entre utente e equipa de saúde e recolha de dados objetivos em tempo real. Alguns estudos demonstraram equivalência ou superioridade em relação à reabilitação convencional, nomeadamente na melhoria da amplitude de movimento e na contagem de passos diários. No entanto, outros estudos
apontaram limitações, como a menor eficácia a longo prazo ou a ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas face às abordagens tradicionais. A heterogeneidade dos dispositivos e protocolos de reabilitação utilizados dificultou a comparação direta entre os estudos.
Conclusão: A utilização de wearables e smartphones na reabilitação após ATJ apresentasse como uma alternativa viável e inovadora, com potencial para complementar os métodos convencionais. Estas tecnologias promovem uma abordagem mais centrada no utente, favorecendo a autonomia e a continuidade dos cuidados. Contudo, são necessários mais estudos com maior rigor metodológico e seguimento prolongado, de forma a avaliar a sua real eficácia clínica e impacto económico. A enfermagem de reabilitação desempenha um papel estratégico na integração destas soluções digitais nos
cuidados de saúde, contribuindo para a construção de modelos de reabilitação mais eficientes, personalizados e sustentáveis.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical intervention widely used in treating advanced knee osteoarthritis, providing pain relief, recovery of mobility, and improvement in quality of life. The effectiveness of TKA is strongly dependent on the success of postoperative rehabilitation, which has benefited from technological advances, namely wearables and smartphones. These technologies emerge as innovative tools that enable continuous, personalized, and potentially more accessible user monitoring. Rehabilitation nursing plays a central role in adapting and implementing these solutions, requiring up-to-date knowledge about their effectiveness and applicability. Aim: To map the primary scientific evidence available on the use of wearables and smartphones in the postoperative rehabilitation of users undergoing total knee arthroplasty, identifying their benefits, limitations, and implications for the practice of rehabilitation nursing. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, based on the PI[C]OD strategy. The search was conducted in the Medline (via PubMed) and Web of Science databases of publications between March 2021 and March 2024. Qualitative, quantitative studies, and reviews were included, involving adults undergoing TKA, with rehabilitation interventions using wearables and/or smartphones in a home context. The selected studies were analyzed through complete reading, data extraction, and descriptive synthesis. Results: Eight studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Most studies have indicated that mobile technologies contribute positively to functional recovery, promoting greater adherence to rehabilitation, reducing in-person visits, improving communication between users and healthcare teams, and collecting objective data in real time. Some studies have demonstrated equivalence or superiority of conventional rehabilitation, namely improving range of motion and daily step count. However, other studies have pointed out limitations, such as lower long-term effectiveness or the absence of statistically significant differences between traditional approaches. The heterogeneity of the rehabilitation devices and protocols used made direct comparison between studies difficult. Conclusion: The use of wearables and smartphones in rehabilitation after TKA presents a viable and innovative alternative, with the potential to complement conventional methods. These technologies promote a more user-centered approach, favoring autonomy and continuity of care. However, further studies with greater methodological rigor and prolonged follow-up are needed to assess their real clinical efficacy and economic impact. Rehabilitation nursing plays a strategic role in integrating these digital solutions into healthcare, contributing to constructing more efficient, personalized, and sustainable rehabilitation models.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical intervention widely used in treating advanced knee osteoarthritis, providing pain relief, recovery of mobility, and improvement in quality of life. The effectiveness of TKA is strongly dependent on the success of postoperative rehabilitation, which has benefited from technological advances, namely wearables and smartphones. These technologies emerge as innovative tools that enable continuous, personalized, and potentially more accessible user monitoring. Rehabilitation nursing plays a central role in adapting and implementing these solutions, requiring up-to-date knowledge about their effectiveness and applicability. Aim: To map the primary scientific evidence available on the use of wearables and smartphones in the postoperative rehabilitation of users undergoing total knee arthroplasty, identifying their benefits, limitations, and implications for the practice of rehabilitation nursing. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, based on the PI[C]OD strategy. The search was conducted in the Medline (via PubMed) and Web of Science databases of publications between March 2021 and March 2024. Qualitative, quantitative studies, and reviews were included, involving adults undergoing TKA, with rehabilitation interventions using wearables and/or smartphones in a home context. The selected studies were analyzed through complete reading, data extraction, and descriptive synthesis. Results: Eight studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Most studies have indicated that mobile technologies contribute positively to functional recovery, promoting greater adherence to rehabilitation, reducing in-person visits, improving communication between users and healthcare teams, and collecting objective data in real time. Some studies have demonstrated equivalence or superiority of conventional rehabilitation, namely improving range of motion and daily step count. However, other studies have pointed out limitations, such as lower long-term effectiveness or the absence of statistically significant differences between traditional approaches. The heterogeneity of the rehabilitation devices and protocols used made direct comparison between studies difficult. Conclusion: The use of wearables and smartphones in rehabilitation after TKA presents a viable and innovative alternative, with the potential to complement conventional methods. These technologies promote a more user-centered approach, favoring autonomy and continuity of care. However, further studies with greater methodological rigor and prolonged follow-up are needed to assess their real clinical efficacy and economic impact. Rehabilitation nursing plays a strategic role in integrating these digital solutions into healthcare, contributing to constructing more efficient, personalized, and sustainable rehabilitation models.
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Keywords
Artroplastia total do joelho Dispositivo vestível Smartphone Enfermagem em reabilitação