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Nutritional, chemical and bioactive characterization of Peumus boldus L.

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dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Izamara
dc.contributor.authorCalhelha, Ricardo C.
dc.contributor.authorFinimundy, Tiane C.
dc.contributor.authorSantos-Buelga, Celestino
dc.contributor.authorHeleno, Sandrina A.
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-16T17:02:57Z
dc.date.available2023-03-16T17:02:57Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractPeumus boldus L. (boldo) is known for its pharmacological effects associated with the chemical composition of its leaves. The objective of this work was to perform the nutritional, chemical and bioactive characterization of boldo leaves. The nutritional profile (crude fat, protein, ash, fiber, and carbohydrates) was determined using AOAC methods [1], while free sugars were determined by HPLC-RI and fatty acids by GC-FID. Moreover, organic acids were determined by HPLC-DAD, tocopherols by HPLC-fluorescence, and phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Afterwards, a hydroethanolic extract was prepared by maceration (80:20 v/v, ethanol:water), and the antioxidant potential was evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay; antimicrobial capacity using the microdilution method against pathogenic microorganisms; cytotoxicity against tumor and non-tumor cell lines using the sulforhodamine B assay, and anti-inflammatory potential using RAW cells. For the nutritional profile results, the highest values were obtained for carbohydrates (78 ± 1 g/100 g dw, of which 48.0 ± 0.2 g/100 g dw corresponded to fiber), followed by proteins (8.2 ± 0.5 g/100 g dw), ash (10.0 ± 0.9 g/100 g dw) and fat (4.24 ± 0. 06 g/100 g dw), having an energetic value of 285 ± 2 kcal. Glucose (6.82 ± 0.03 g/100 g dw), followed by fructose (2.70 ± 0.04 g/100 g dw) and sucrose (1.50 ± 0.10 g/100 g dw) were the detected sugars. Ten fatty acids were found, with three main compounds standing out, namely palmitic (29.56 ± 0.05 %), oleic (19 ± 5 %) and linolenic (17 ± 2 %) acids. Five organic acids were identified, highlighting oxalic (1.26 ± 0.04 g/100 g dw) and quinic (1.24 ± 0.05 g/100 g dw) acids. The vitamin E isoforms γ-tocopherol (15 ± 1 g/100 g dw) and α-tocopherol (5.2 ± 0.3 g/100 g dw) were the ones identified in boldo leaves. Seventeen phenolic compounds were detected, from which proanthocyanidins were the most prominent, especially a proanthocyanidin dimer (34.69 ± 0.91 mg/g), and two proanthocyanidin trimers, 1 (32.12 ± 0.75 mg/g) and 2 (18.59 ± 0.67 mg/g). For the antioxidant potential (TBARS), an EC50 of 36.8 ± 0.2 μg/mL was determined, and for the antimicrobial capacity, lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were seen especially against the foodborne bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica (1.25 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.25 mg/mL), as well as the clinical isolates E. coli (2.5 mg/mL), Morganella morganii (2.5 mg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (2.5 mg/mL) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (2.5 mg/mL). Boldo leaves showed cytotoxicy against nonsmall lung carcinoma (71 ± 4 μg/mL), gastric adenocarcinoma (159 ± 12 μg/mL), and breast carcinoma (280 ± 9 μg/mL) cells. They also showed anti-inflammatory activity for macrophage cell line (RAW cells) at 145 ± 13 μg/mL. Thus, besides being rich in nutrients, P. boldus revealed the presence of bioactive compounds which can be used for future applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021). L. Barros and R.C. Calhelha thank the national funding by FCT through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for her contract, while S. Heleno thank FCT through the individual scientific employment program-contracts (CEECIND/03040/2017). I. Oliveira thanks FCT for her PhD grant (BD/06017/2020).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationOliveira, Izamara; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Finimundy, Tiane C.; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Barros, Lillian (2022). Nutritional, chemical and bioactive characterization of Peumus boldus L.. In XXVI Encontro Galego-Portugues de Química: Book of Abstracts. Santiago de Compostelapt_PT
dc.identifier.isbn978-84-09-45895-0
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/27798
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherUniversidade de Santiago de Compostelapt_PT
dc.relationLA/P/0007/2021pt_PT
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationNot Available
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectPeumus boldus L.pt_PT
dc.subjectResearch Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Chemical engineering::Food technologypt_PT
dc.titleNutritional, chemical and bioactive characterization of Peumus boldus L.pt_PT
dc.typeconference object
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleNot Available
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2017/CEECIND%2F03040%2F2017%2FCP1403%2FCT0001/PT
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceSantiago de Compostelapt_PT
oaire.citation.endPage80pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage80pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleXXVI Encontro Galego-Portugues de Química: Book of Abstractspt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamCEEC IND 2017
person.familyNameOliveira
person.familyNameCalhelha
person.familyNameFinimundy
person.familyNameHeleno
person.familyNameBarros
person.givenNameIzamara
person.givenNameRicardo C.
person.givenNameTiane C.
person.givenNameSandrina A.
person.givenNameLillian
person.identifier469085
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person.identifier.ciencia-id9616-35CB-D001
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2274-2166
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6801-4578
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3516-0795
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7224-1098
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9050-5189
person.identifier.ridJ-2172-2014
person.identifier.ridL-5951-2014
person.identifier.ridJ-3600-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6507978333
person.identifier.scopus-author-id30067731800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35236343600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typeconferenceObjectpt_PT
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