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Vivências dos enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência na comunicação de más notícias à pessoa em situação crítica e família
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| 1.53 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório de estágio clínico foi desenvolvido no âmbito do 2º Curso de Mestrado de Enfermagem Médico-cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica, do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança.
Segundo o planeamento proposto, o relatório encontra-se organizado em duas partes. A primeira parte tem como objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no decorrer dos locais de estágio e apresentar uma análise crítica e reflexiva dos cuidados de enfermagem realizados, como forma de aprimorar as competências gerais e específicas da Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área da pessoa em situação crítica.
A segunda parte, consiste num trabalho de investigação relacionado com a comunicação de más notícias, cujo objetivo é compreender as vivências dos enfermeiros relativamente à comunicação de más notícias à pessoa e família em situação crítica. Para este estudo, optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa fenomenológica, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a enfermeiros que exercem funções num serviço de urgência de uma Unidade Local de Saúde da região Norte de Portugal. A amostra do presente estudo foi composta por 10 enfermeiros, que aceitaram participar no estudo de forma voluntária, utilizando um método de amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. A maioria da amostra corresponde ao sexo feminino, solteiros, com uma média de 38 anos de idade, com um tempo médio de experiência profissional de 15,2 anos e em contexto de urgência uma média de 12,2 anos de experiência profissional. Os resultados do presente estudo revelam que a formação em comunicação de más notícias, sobretudo através de métodos práticos como o role-play, é essencial para o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e emocionais dos enfermeiros do SU. A utilização do protocolo SPIKES e a integração de uma abordagem centrada na pessoa são recomendadas para garantir uma comunicação ética, eficaz e adaptada às necessidades de cada PSC e familiares. Assim, é fundamental investir em formação estruturada e contínua, suportada por protocolos claros e por apoio emocional e institucional, promover a qualidade da comunicação e o bem-estar dos enfermeiros.
O estágio clínico nos diferentes campos de aprendizagem, permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica. As competências relacionadas com a comunicação de más notícias, são uma componente fundamental na prestação de cuidados à pessoa e à família a vivenciar processos de doença crítica. Ao longo deste percurso, foi possível prestar cuidados ao doente e à sua família durante o processo de doença, com enfoque na prestação de cuidados de enfermagem especializados, ajustados às necessidades do doente crítico e dos seus familiares.
This clinical internship report was developed within the scope of the 2nd Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Critical Situations, at the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. According to the proposed planning, the report is organized into two parts. The first part aims to describe the activities developed during the internship sites and present a critical and reflective analysis of the nursing care provided during clinical training as a way of improving the general and specific skills of Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of people in critical situations. The second part consists of a research work related to the communication of bad news, whose objective is to understand the experiences of nurses in relation to communicating bad news to people and their families in critical situations. For this study, a qualitative phenomenological methodology was chosen, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses who work in an emergency service of a Local Health Unit in the North of Portugal. The sample of this study consisted of 10 nurses who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method. The majority of the sample was female, single, with an average age of 38 years, an average of 15.2 years of professional experience, and an average of 12.2 years of professional experience in emergency settings. The results of this study reveal that training in communicating bad news, especially through practical methods such as role-play, is essential for the development of technical and emotional skills of ED nurses. The use of the SPIKES protocol and the integration of a person- centered approach are recommended to ensure ethical, effective communication adapted to the needs of each CHW and family member. Therefore, it is essential to invest in structured and continuous training, supported by clear protocols and emotional and institutional support, to promote the quality of communication and the well-being of nurses. The clinical internship in the different fields of learning allowed the development of skills necessary for caring for people in critical situations. Skills related to communicating bad news are a fundamental component in providing care to people and their families experiencing critical illness processes. Throughout this process, it was possible to provide assistance to patients and their families during the illness process, focusing on providing specialized nursing care, adjusted to the needs of critical patients and their families.
This clinical internship report was developed within the scope of the 2nd Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Critical Situations, at the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. According to the proposed planning, the report is organized into two parts. The first part aims to describe the activities developed during the internship sites and present a critical and reflective analysis of the nursing care provided during clinical training as a way of improving the general and specific skills of Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of people in critical situations. The second part consists of a research work related to the communication of bad news, whose objective is to understand the experiences of nurses in relation to communicating bad news to people and their families in critical situations. For this study, a qualitative phenomenological methodology was chosen, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses who work in an emergency service of a Local Health Unit in the North of Portugal. The sample of this study consisted of 10 nurses who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method. The majority of the sample was female, single, with an average age of 38 years, an average of 15.2 years of professional experience, and an average of 12.2 years of professional experience in emergency settings. The results of this study reveal that training in communicating bad news, especially through practical methods such as role-play, is essential for the development of technical and emotional skills of ED nurses. The use of the SPIKES protocol and the integration of a person- centered approach are recommended to ensure ethical, effective communication adapted to the needs of each CHW and family member. Therefore, it is essential to invest in structured and continuous training, supported by clear protocols and emotional and institutional support, to promote the quality of communication and the well-being of nurses. The clinical internship in the different fields of learning allowed the development of skills necessary for caring for people in critical situations. Skills related to communicating bad news are a fundamental component in providing care to people and their families experiencing critical illness processes. Throughout this process, it was possible to provide assistance to patients and their families during the illness process, focusing on providing specialized nursing care, adjusted to the needs of critical patients and their families.
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Keywords
Enfermagem médico-cirúrgica Família Doente crítico Comunicação em saúde Comunicação de más noticias