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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos tem havido um grande interesse pela cultura da amendoeira, Prunus dulcis L., ao nível nacional e internacional, sendo de importância o estudo das características e comportamento de variedades estrangeiras nas condições agro-ecológicas portuguesas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo proceder à caracterização dos frutos e sementes, bem como ao óleo extraído da semente, de 15 variedades de amêndoa (Antoñeta, Cristomorto, Filippo Ceo, Ferraduel, Ferragnès, Ferrastar, Francolí, Genco, Glorieta, Guara, Lauranne, Marcona, Miagkos Kulunem, Nonpareil e Supernova) que se encontram em produção na coleção de amendoeira existente na Estação Nacional de Fruticultura Vieira da Natividade instalada em Alcobaça. Ao nível dos parâmetros morfológicos, em 40 frutos e sementes, foi avaliada a massa, as dimensões (comprimento, diâmetro máximo e transversal), forma, simetria, ápice, base e rugosidade da superfície. No óleo extraído das sementes foi determinado o perfil e teor de ácidos gordos e tocoferóis.
Foram registadas variações morfológicas assinaláveis entre as diferentes variedades em estudo. Quanto às dimensões, a Glorieta foi a que apresentou maior comprimento do fruto, com 39,61mm, e a Genco, o menor com 24,62mm. Por sua vez o maior diâmetro ocorreu na Marcona (29,08mm) e o menor na Genco (15,46mm). Das variedades analisadas foi também a Marcona que apresentou massa superior (7,09g) enquanto a Miagkos Kulunem a inferior (3,19g). Ao nível da composição química do óleo, foram identificados e quantificados um total de 22 ácidos gordos, sendo o ácido oleico o maioritário, seguido do linoleico e palmítico. Os teores em ácido oleico variaram entre 58,90% e 74,20% nas variedades Miagkos Kulunem e Francolí, respetivamente. Por sua vez, o ácido linoleico oscilou entre 16,34% (cv. Francolí) e 30,09% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem) e o palmítico entre 5,47% (cv. Filippo Ceo) e 7,16% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem). Nos tocoferóis foram identificados e quantificados α-tocoferol, β-tocoferol, γ-tocoferol e δ-tocoferol, sendo o primeiro maioritário (90-96%). A Guara foi a que apresentou os maiores teores em tocoferóis, com um total de 484 mg/kg óleo, enquanto os menores foram registados Genco (221 mg/Kg de óleo).
In the last years, the cultivation of almond tree, Prunus dulcis L., has gained a great interest in the national and international market, being of high importance the study of the characteristics and behavior of foreign almond varieties in the Portuguese agro-ecological conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to characterize the fruits and seeds, as well as the oil extracted from the seeds, of 15 almond varieties (Antoñeta, Cristomorto, Filippo Ceo, Ferraduel, Ferragnès, Ferrastar, Francolí, Genco, Glorieta, Guara, Lauranne, Marcona, Miagkos Kulunem, Nonpareil and Supernova) that integrates the collection of almond varieties from the Estação Nacional de Fruticultura Vieira da Natividade located in Alcobaça. 40 fruits and seeds were morphological characterized in respect to its mass, dimensions (length, maximum and transverse diameter), shape, symmetry, apex, base and surface roughness. In the seed oils the fatty acid profile and tocopherols content were evaluated. Significant morphological variations were recorded among the different varieties under study. For the dimensions, cv. Glorieta presented the longest fruit length, with 39.61 mm, and cv. Genco, the smallest one with 24.62 mm. The largest diameter occurred in cv. Marcona (29.08mm) and the smallest in cv. Genco (15.46mm). Cv. Marcona also showed the highest mass (7.09 g) and cv. Miagkos Kulunem the lowest (3.19 g). In the chemical composition, a total of 22 fatty acids were identified and quantified, with oleic acid being the major one, varying from 58.90% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem) to 74.20% (Francolí): followed by linoleic acid, that varied from 16,34% (cv. Francolí) and 30,09% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem); and palmitic acid, that ranged from 5,47% (cv. Filippo Ceo) and 7,16% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem). In the tocopherols, four isoforms were identified and quantified, namely α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol. α-tocopherol was the major tocopherol identified representing values between 90 and 96% of the total of tocopherols quantified. Cv. Guara was showed the highest concentrations in tocopherols, with a total of 484 mg / kg oil, while the lowest values were recorded in cv. Genco (221 mg / kg oil).
In the last years, the cultivation of almond tree, Prunus dulcis L., has gained a great interest in the national and international market, being of high importance the study of the characteristics and behavior of foreign almond varieties in the Portuguese agro-ecological conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to characterize the fruits and seeds, as well as the oil extracted from the seeds, of 15 almond varieties (Antoñeta, Cristomorto, Filippo Ceo, Ferraduel, Ferragnès, Ferrastar, Francolí, Genco, Glorieta, Guara, Lauranne, Marcona, Miagkos Kulunem, Nonpareil and Supernova) that integrates the collection of almond varieties from the Estação Nacional de Fruticultura Vieira da Natividade located in Alcobaça. 40 fruits and seeds were morphological characterized in respect to its mass, dimensions (length, maximum and transverse diameter), shape, symmetry, apex, base and surface roughness. In the seed oils the fatty acid profile and tocopherols content were evaluated. Significant morphological variations were recorded among the different varieties under study. For the dimensions, cv. Glorieta presented the longest fruit length, with 39.61 mm, and cv. Genco, the smallest one with 24.62 mm. The largest diameter occurred in cv. Marcona (29.08mm) and the smallest in cv. Genco (15.46mm). Cv. Marcona also showed the highest mass (7.09 g) and cv. Miagkos Kulunem the lowest (3.19 g). In the chemical composition, a total of 22 fatty acids were identified and quantified, with oleic acid being the major one, varying from 58.90% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem) to 74.20% (Francolí): followed by linoleic acid, that varied from 16,34% (cv. Francolí) and 30,09% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem); and palmitic acid, that ranged from 5,47% (cv. Filippo Ceo) and 7,16% (cv. Miagkos Kulunem). In the tocopherols, four isoforms were identified and quantified, namely α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol. α-tocopherol was the major tocopherol identified representing values between 90 and 96% of the total of tocopherols quantified. Cv. Guara was showed the highest concentrations in tocopherols, with a total of 484 mg / kg oil, while the lowest values were recorded in cv. Genco (221 mg / kg oil).
Description
Keywords
Amêndoas Morfologia Ácidos gordos Tocoferóis