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Toxoplasma gondii in northeastern Portugal: a narrative review of a neglected zoonotic infection in a one health context

2025Conference object Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg17:Parcerias para a Implementação dos Objetivos
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Tifany
dc.contributor.authorQuintas, Helder
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Ana Patrícia
dc.contributor.authorCaldeira, Maria
dc.contributor.authorSalvador, Sílvia Beato
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Carina
dc.contributor.editor
dc.contributor.editor
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-27T16:12:57Z
dc.date.available2026-02-27T16:12:57Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractToxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite that infects warm-blooded animals, including humans1. Despite its global distribution and considerable impact on public health, animal production, and the environment, it remains overlooked, exemplifying a One Health issue2,3. Transmission occurs mainly through ingestion of infective stages: sporulated oocysts, via contaminated water, soil, or food, tissue cysts in undercooked meat, or tachyzoites, through transplacental transmission or unpasteurized dairy products1,4. Though often asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis can cause severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals and during pregnancy. Small ruminants are particularly susceptible, with infection linked to reproductive losses and zoonotic transmission via meat5. In Portugal, T. gondii infection, and toxoplasmosis, remains underreported and poorly studied. The Northeastern region (Trás-os- Montes) is especially relevant due to the high density of small ruminant farming and close human, animal and environment interactions6. A narrative review of the literature on the epidemiological status of T. gondii infection in Northeast Portugal was carried out. Sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and institutional reports (EFSA, ECDC, INE). The EFSA/ECDC/20237 report a 4.2% rise in congenital toxoplasmosis and a 29% positivity in small ruminants, the highest in five years. In Portugal, according to the only national survey (1979–1980)8, seroprevalence was 47%, with the North presenting the highest percentage (51%). Subsequent studies revealed regional fluctuations8–12 and more recently, a 72.8% value was reported amongst workers with occupational exposure13. In the Northeastern region (2004–2010)14–17, active circulation of T. gondii was demonstrated in various animal species including wild and livestock, particularly small ruminants, as well as in women of childbearing age. The detection of genotype II, associated with moderate virulence, in meat intended for consumption reinforces the zoonotic risk18. These findings highlight the urgent need for updated and integrated epidemiological studies, supported by a One Health approach.por
dc.identifier.citationPereira, Tifany; Rodrigues, Carina; Quintas, Hélder; Lopes, Ana Patrícia; Caldeira, Maria; Salvador, Sílvia Beato ( 2025). Toxoplasma gondii in northeastern Portugal: a narrative review of a neglected zoonotic infection in a one health contexto. In 1st International Conference of the Zoonoses Working Group. Vila Real
dc.identifier.isbn978-989-704-619-4
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35886
dc.language.isopor
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherUTAD
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectNortheastern Portugal
dc.subjectOne Health
dc.subjectToxoplasma
dc.subjectZoonosis
dc.titleToxoplasma gondii in northeastern Portugal: a narrative review of a neglected zoonotic infection in a one health contextpor
dc.typeConference object
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage44
oaire.citation.startPage44
oaire.citation.title1st Internacional Conference of the Zoonoses Working Group
oaire.citation.volumeúnico
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.givenNameCarina
person.identifier.ciencia-idC415-C677-0253
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9773-1413
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationef666665-6593-48be-bc48-6a1bb58bedbd
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryef666665-6593-48be-bc48-6a1bb58bedbd

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