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Shaping Training Load, Technical–Tactical Behaviour, and Well-Being in Football: A Systematic Review

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorAfonso, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorBranquinho, Luís
dc.contributor.authorFerraz, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorGarrido, Nuno D.
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, José Eduardo
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-14T15:06:05Z
dc.date.available2025-10-14T15:06:05Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractFootball performance results from the dynamic interaction between physical, tactical, technical, and psychological dimensions-each of which also influences player well-being, recovery, and readiness. However, integrated monitoring approaches remain scarce, particularly in youth and sub-elite contexts. This systematic review screened 341 records from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with 46 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 1763 players; age range: 13.2-28.7 years). Physical external load was reported in 44 studies using GPS-derived metrics such as total distance and high-speed running, while internal load was examined in 36 studies through session-RPE (rate of perceived exertion x duration), heart rate zones, training impulse (TRIMP), and Player Load (PL). A total of 22 studies included well-being indicators capturing fatigue, sleep quality, stress levels, and muscle soreness, through tools such as the Hooper Index (HI), the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale, and various Likert-type or composite wellness scores. Tactical behaviours (n = 15) were derived from positional tracking systems, while technical performance (n = 7) was assessed using metrics like pass accuracy and expected goals, typically obtained from Wyscout (R) or TRACAB (R) (a multi-camera optical tracking system). Only five studies employed multivariate models to examine interactions between performance domains or to predict well-being outcomes. Most remained observational, relying on descriptive analyses and examining each domain in isolation. These findings reveal a fragmented approach to player monitoring and a lack of conceptual integration between physical, psychological, tactical, and technical indicators. Future research should prioritise multidimensional, standardised monitoring frameworks that combine contextual, psychophysiological, and performance data to improve applied decision-making and support player health, particularly in sub-elite and youth populations.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This project was supported by the National Funds through the FCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project UID/CED/04748/2020 and UIDB04045/2021), Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal; Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal; SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research and Innovation Centre, Portugal; and Research Centre for Active Living and Well-being (Livewell), Bragança, Portugal.
dc.identifier.citationAfonso, Pedro; Forte, Pedro; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Garrido, Nuno D.; Teixeira, José Eduardo (2025). Shaping Training Load, Technical–Tactical Behaviour, and Well-Being in Football: A Systematic Review. Sports. ISSN 2075-4663. 13:8, p. 1-48
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/sports13080244
dc.identifier.issn2075-4663
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34833
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationLife Quality Research Centre
dc.relation.ispartofSports
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectMonitoring
dc.subjectTraining loadwellness
dc.subjectPlayer readiness
dc.subjectSub-elite football
dc.titleShaping Training Load, Technical–Tactical Behaviour, and Well-Being in Football: A Systematic Revieweng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleLife Quality Research Centre
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04748%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage48
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleSports
oaire.citation.volume13
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameForte
person.familyNameTeixeira
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameJosé Eduardo
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.ciencia-idD11C-9591-7A8A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4612-3623
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication79042f92-ce53-4b79-a33f-76ac63c55b8d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isProjectOfPublication29a8fff6-893d-439d-8056-df2aba83b169
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery29a8fff6-893d-439d-8056-df2aba83b169

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