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O impacto da descentralização de competências na área da educação nos municípios da Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Tâmega e Barroso (CIMAT)
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Abstract(s)
A descentralização de competências na área da educação em Portugal tem sido um processo de crescimento gradual e complexo, distinguido por várias reformas legislativas, políticas e administrativas, destacando-se a Lei n.º 50/2018, de 16 de agosto, que estabelece o quadro de transferências de competências para as autarquias locais e para as entidades intermunicipais.
Esta dissertação teve como objeto principal a análise do Impacto da Descentralização de Competências na Área da Educação nos Municípios da Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Tâmega e Barroso (CIMAT), nomeadamente nos concelhos de Boticas, Chaves, Montalegre, Ribeira de Pena, Valpaços e Vila Pouca de Aguiar, com o objetivo de compreender a perceção dos atores envolvidos (municípios, agrupamentos e comunidade educativa), sobre as vantagens e os desafios deste processo. Pretendeu-se identificar boas práticas, propor medidas para otimizar a gestão da educação nesta região e contribuir para o enriquecimento do conhecimento sobre os processos de descentralização na educação. Foi ainda intenção identificar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos municípios, pelos agrupamentos e pela comunidade académica na implementação de novas competências, por forma a garantir equidade e qualidade do ensino na região, contribuído para um debate sobre a sustentabilidade financeira da escola pública.
Ao analisar a real dimensão das mudanças ocorridas, os desafios enfrentados e as oportunidades geradas, esta investigação procura oferecer resultados para a formulação de políticas públicas mais eficazes e estimular a realização de mais estudos sobre os impactos da descentralização em diferentes contextos, considerando a especificidade de regiões com características socioeconómicas particulares como é o caso da região do Alto Tâmega e Barroso.
A presente dissertação, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, procura articular a compreensão do que é a descentralização de competências com os dados recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e inquéritos. Se na primeira técnica de recolha de dados, os diretores de agrupamentos, os presidentes de câmara dos municípios que integram a CIMAT e o representante da própria comunidade intermunicipal foram os proponentes; nos inquéritos, a comunidade educativa, nomeadamente, pais, encarregados de educação, pessoal não docente, constituíram, também, o universo de estudo desta investigação.
Este estudo será relevante não só para a compreensão da descentralização na CIMAT e numa escala maior para Portugal, mas também para o desenho de estratégias que potencializem o papel das autarquias locais na educação. Após a análise de dados, obtidos nas entrevistas e inquéritos, observou-se que a descentralização de competências na área da educação, na Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Tâmega e Barroso, é reconhecida na comunidade educativa, como um repto, de alguma forma complexo, mas com expectativa positiva na sua evolução. Tanto os agrupamentos como os municípios, demonstraram algumas dificuldades na adaptação das novas responsabilidades, principalmente na gestão do pessoal não docente e na manutenção dos edifícios escolares. Neste seguimento, identificou-se uma preocupação central focada na sustentabilidade financeira da escola pública, consequência de uma cumplicidade, na tomada de decisões aliadas às necessidades locais, entre toda a comunidade escolar, com o objetivo de continuar a garantir uma boa comunicação, equidade e qualidade de ensino prestado nesta região.
The decentralisation of powers in the field of education in Portugal has been a gradual and complex process, marked by several legislative, political and administrative reforms, notably Law No. 50/2018 of 16 August, which establishes the framework for the transfer of powers to local authorities and intermunicipal entities. The main objective of this dissertation was to analyse the impact of the decentralisation of powers in the field of education in the Intermunicipal Community of Alto Tâmega and Barroso (CIMAT), namely in the municipalities of Boticas, Chaves, Montalegre, Ribeira de Pena, Valpaços and Vila Pouca de Aguiar, with the aim of understanding the perception of the actors involved (municipalities, groups and the educational community) regarding the advantages and challenges of this process. The aim was to identify good practices, propose measures to optimise the management of education in this region and contribute to the enrichment of knowledge about decentralisation processes in education. It was also intended to identify the main difficulties faced by municipalities, school groups and the academic community in implementing new competences, in order to ensure equity and quality of education in the region, contributing to a debate on the financial sustainability of public schools. By analysing the real extent of the changes that have taken place, the challenges faced and the opportunities generated, this research sought to provide results for the formulation of more effective public policies and to encourage further studies on the impacts of decentralisation in different contexts, considering the specificity of regions with particular socio-economic characteristics, such as the Alto Tâmega e Barroso region. This dissertation, which is both qualitative and quantitative in nature, sought to articulate an understanding of what the decentralisation of powers entails, using data collected through semi structured interviews and surveys. In the first data collection technique, the directors of school clusters, the mayors of the municipalities that make up CIMAT and the representative of the intermunicipal community itself were the proponents; in the surveys, the educational community, namely parents, guardians and non-teaching staff, also constituted the study universe of this research. This study will be relevant not only for understanding decentralisation in CIMAT and, on a larger scale, in Portugal, but also for designing strategies that enhance the role of local authorities in education. After analysing the data obtained from the interviews and surveys, it was observed that the decentralisation of powers in the area of education in the Intermunicipal Community of Alto Tâmega and Barroso is recognised by the educational community as a challenge, somewhat complex, but with positive expectations for its evolution. Both the school clusters and the municipalities demonstrated some difficulties in adapting to their new responsibilities, particularly in the management of non-teaching staff and the maintenance of school buildings. In this regard, a central concern was identified, focused on the financial sustainability of public schools, as a result of a commitment to decision-making in line with local needs among the entire school community, with the aim of continuing to ensure good communication, equity and quality of education in this region.
The decentralisation of powers in the field of education in Portugal has been a gradual and complex process, marked by several legislative, political and administrative reforms, notably Law No. 50/2018 of 16 August, which establishes the framework for the transfer of powers to local authorities and intermunicipal entities. The main objective of this dissertation was to analyse the impact of the decentralisation of powers in the field of education in the Intermunicipal Community of Alto Tâmega and Barroso (CIMAT), namely in the municipalities of Boticas, Chaves, Montalegre, Ribeira de Pena, Valpaços and Vila Pouca de Aguiar, with the aim of understanding the perception of the actors involved (municipalities, groups and the educational community) regarding the advantages and challenges of this process. The aim was to identify good practices, propose measures to optimise the management of education in this region and contribute to the enrichment of knowledge about decentralisation processes in education. It was also intended to identify the main difficulties faced by municipalities, school groups and the academic community in implementing new competences, in order to ensure equity and quality of education in the region, contributing to a debate on the financial sustainability of public schools. By analysing the real extent of the changes that have taken place, the challenges faced and the opportunities generated, this research sought to provide results for the formulation of more effective public policies and to encourage further studies on the impacts of decentralisation in different contexts, considering the specificity of regions with particular socio-economic characteristics, such as the Alto Tâmega e Barroso region. This dissertation, which is both qualitative and quantitative in nature, sought to articulate an understanding of what the decentralisation of powers entails, using data collected through semi structured interviews and surveys. In the first data collection technique, the directors of school clusters, the mayors of the municipalities that make up CIMAT and the representative of the intermunicipal community itself were the proponents; in the surveys, the educational community, namely parents, guardians and non-teaching staff, also constituted the study universe of this research. This study will be relevant not only for understanding decentralisation in CIMAT and, on a larger scale, in Portugal, but also for designing strategies that enhance the role of local authorities in education. After analysing the data obtained from the interviews and surveys, it was observed that the decentralisation of powers in the area of education in the Intermunicipal Community of Alto Tâmega and Barroso is recognised by the educational community as a challenge, somewhat complex, but with positive expectations for its evolution. Both the school clusters and the municipalities demonstrated some difficulties in adapting to their new responsibilities, particularly in the management of non-teaching staff and the maintenance of school buildings. In this regard, a central concern was identified, focused on the financial sustainability of public schools, as a result of a commitment to decision-making in line with local needs among the entire school community, with the aim of continuing to ensure good communication, equity and quality of education in this region.
Description
Keywords
Descentralização Educação Autarquias locais Comunidade intermunicipal