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Authors
Abstract(s)
O ser humano é completamente dependente do solo. Para que um ecossistema funcione de maneira sustentável é necessário que o solo esteja em um estado em que suas funções assegurem interação favorável com outras componentes do ecossistema. Porém, o mau uso e ocupação do solo danifica o recurso e o expõe à ação de processos de degradação, designadamente os erosivos, fazendo com o que o solo perca qualidade em termos de propriedades físicas e químicas importantes para a manutenção do cenário geográfico e temporal em que este estaria inserido. No Nordeste de Portugal o processo de erosão hídrica afeta comumente os solos da região, já que a topografia, com gradientes de relevo favoráveis, e as características dos solos proporcionam tal ação do agente erosivo. Este trabalho visa analisar a erodibilidade dos solos do NE de Portugal através de simulação de chuva e a eficácia de tratamentos com condicionadores nos solos regionalmente considerados mais susceptíveis a erosão. Os condicionadores aplicados foram: um corretivo orgânico agrícola (CO) e poliacrilamida (PAM). Ocorreram 21 simulações de chuva, de 30 minutos de duração, sobre 3 tabuleiros, de área de 322 cm², de solo por simulação, submetidos as condições padronizadas de 15% de inclinação e intensidade 66 mm h-1, a partir disso foi possível determinar os parâmetros salpico, escoamento superficial e perda de solo e, a partir destes, calcularam-se indicadores como concentração de sedimentos em suspensão, coeficiente de escoamento, destacabilidade e erodibilidade, tendo em vista a comparabilidade dos resultados obtidos. Este estudo possibilitou visualizar a eficiência de ambos os condicionadores, mostrando que a PAM é mais eficaz na prevenção da perda de solo que, em média, obteve cerca de 62% de redução em erodibilidade e 68% em destacabilidade de todos os solos, do que o composto orgânico, com 14% de redução em erodibilidade e 24% em destacabilidade.
The human being completely depends on the soil. An ecosystem, to work in a sustainable way, needs the soil to be on a state where its functions assure a favorable interaction between all the ecosystem components. However, the bad management of the soil damages the natural resources e and expose it to degradation processes, which are namely erosives, making it lose the physical and chemical properties that are important to the maintenance of the geographical and temporal scenarios in which this soil is inserted. The hydric erosive processes in the northeast of Portugal commonly affect the soils in that region, since the topography consisted by favorable relief gradients and the soil characteristics increase the erodible agent action. This study seeks the analysis of the soil erodibilty in the northeast of Portugal though a rain simulation, and the effectiveness of conditioners on those soils which are considered the most susceptible to erosion. The conditioners applied were: an agricultural organic corrector (CO) and polyacrylamide (PAM). Twenty-one rain simulations were made, each one lasting 30 minutes, on top of three soil trays with area of 322cm², under the standard conditions of 15% of inclination, and 66 mm h-¹. With that being made, it was possible to determine the splashing parameters, surface runoff and soil loss, in order to later calculate indicators such as suspended sediments concentration, flow coefficient, detachability and erodibility. The study also made possible to prove the effectiveness of both conditioners, showing that PAM is more reliable in matters of soil loss prevention. On average, there was 62% less erodibility and 68% less detachability in all soils, rather than the organic compound, which had just 14% less erodibility and 24% detachability.
The human being completely depends on the soil. An ecosystem, to work in a sustainable way, needs the soil to be on a state where its functions assure a favorable interaction between all the ecosystem components. However, the bad management of the soil damages the natural resources e and expose it to degradation processes, which are namely erosives, making it lose the physical and chemical properties that are important to the maintenance of the geographical and temporal scenarios in which this soil is inserted. The hydric erosive processes in the northeast of Portugal commonly affect the soils in that region, since the topography consisted by favorable relief gradients and the soil characteristics increase the erodible agent action. This study seeks the analysis of the soil erodibilty in the northeast of Portugal though a rain simulation, and the effectiveness of conditioners on those soils which are considered the most susceptible to erosion. The conditioners applied were: an agricultural organic corrector (CO) and polyacrylamide (PAM). Twenty-one rain simulations were made, each one lasting 30 minutes, on top of three soil trays with area of 322cm², under the standard conditions of 15% of inclination, and 66 mm h-¹. With that being made, it was possible to determine the splashing parameters, surface runoff and soil loss, in order to later calculate indicators such as suspended sediments concentration, flow coefficient, detachability and erodibility. The study also made possible to prove the effectiveness of both conditioners, showing that PAM is more reliable in matters of soil loss prevention. On average, there was 62% less erodibility and 68% less detachability in all soils, rather than the organic compound, which had just 14% less erodibility and 24% detachability.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a FUMEC
Keywords
Erosão hídrica Simulador de chuva Erodibilidade Condicionadores do solo Poliacrilamida