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Abstract(s)
A oliveira é uma das principais culturas da bacia do mediterrânico, encontrando-se difundida por outras regiões do mundo, mas em menor dimensão. Em Portugal, esta cultura tem um grande impacto socioeconómico, sobretudo nas regiões do interior. O Vale do Côa, é conhecido mundialmente pelo seu património de arte rupestre. Este Vale é rico também em património genético vegetal do qual a oliveira faz parte. A paisagem desta região é caracterizada pela presença de olivais de sequeiro nos quais existe um número considerável de exemplares centenários que não se encontram caraterizados e são potencial fonte de azeites com qualidade diferenciada. No entanto, e na impossibilidade de se proceder à caraterização de todos os exemplares, é importante estabelecer ferramentas que permitam criar grupos homogéneos e assim diminuir o número de plantas a estudar. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo estabelecer grupos homogéneos com níveis de similaridade elevados, tendo por base diferentes análises (morfológica dos frutos e endocarpos, perfil sensorial dos azeites e espectros de FTIR), por forma a reduzir o número de exemplares a estudar sem haver perda de informação. Assim, partiu-se de uma amostra inicial de 96 exemplares de oliveiras centenárias, onde se colheram frutos, que foram caraterizados morfologicamente, e se extraíram azeites, caraterizados sensorialmente, e onde se procedeu à análise por FTIR (Espetroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier). Na análise dos resultados recorreu-se à sua representação icónica em dendrogramas, criando diferentes grupos de plantas de acordo com a análise realizada. Nas diferentes avaliações foi possível criar cinco grupos de acordo com a similaridade dos resultados. Contudo, e apesar dos dendrogramas não apresentarem o mesmo número de amostras dentro de cada grupo nos diferentes parâmetros avaliados, foi possível estabelecer plantas comuns que coincidiram nos diferentes grupos. Quando sobrepostos, o dendrograma da análise sensorial e FTIR, foi possível constatar que 17 amostras se encontram no mesmo grupo o que permitiu a constituição de grupos homogéneos. Apesar da grande variabilidade existente foi possível o estabelecimento de grupos homogéneos, contudo sempre que possível, esta informação deverá ser complementada com outra como por exemplo o perfil genético da planta.
The olive tree is one of the main crops in the Mediterranean basin, being widespread in other regions of the world, but smaller. In Portugal, this culture has a great socio-economic impact, especially in the interior regions. The Côa Valley is known worldwide for its rock art heritage. This valley is also rich in plant genetic heritage, of which the olive tree is a part. The landscape of this region is characterized by the presence of dry olive groves in which there is a considerable number of centennial old specimens that are not characterized and are a potential source of oils with differentiated quality. However, given the impossibility of proceeding with the characterization of all the specimens, it is important to establish tools that allow the creation of homogeneous groups and thus reduce the number of plants to be studied. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to establish homogeneous groups with high levels of similarity, based on different analyses (morphology of fruits and endocarps, sensory profile of oils and FTIR spectra), in order to reduce the number of centennial olive trees to study without loss of information. Thus, we started with an initial sample of 96 specimens of centenarian olive trees, where fruits were collected, which were morphologically characterized, and oils were extracted, sensorially characterized, and where we proceeded to analysis by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). In the analysis of the results, its iconic representation in dendrograms was used, creating different groups of plants according to the analysis performed. In the different evaluations, it was possible to create five groups according to the similarity of the results. However, and despite the dendrograms not showing the same number of samples within each group in the different parameters evaluated, it was possible to establish common plants that coincided in the different groups. When the sensory analysis and FTIR dendrogram were superimposed, it was possible to verify that 17 samples are in the same group, which allowed the formation of homogeneous groups. Despite the great variability that exists, it was possible to establish homogeneous groups, however, whenever possible, this information should be complemented with other information such as the genetic profile of the plant.
The olive tree is one of the main crops in the Mediterranean basin, being widespread in other regions of the world, but smaller. In Portugal, this culture has a great socio-economic impact, especially in the interior regions. The Côa Valley is known worldwide for its rock art heritage. This valley is also rich in plant genetic heritage, of which the olive tree is a part. The landscape of this region is characterized by the presence of dry olive groves in which there is a considerable number of centennial old specimens that are not characterized and are a potential source of oils with differentiated quality. However, given the impossibility of proceeding with the characterization of all the specimens, it is important to establish tools that allow the creation of homogeneous groups and thus reduce the number of plants to be studied. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to establish homogeneous groups with high levels of similarity, based on different analyses (morphology of fruits and endocarps, sensory profile of oils and FTIR spectra), in order to reduce the number of centennial olive trees to study without loss of information. Thus, we started with an initial sample of 96 specimens of centenarian olive trees, where fruits were collected, which were morphologically characterized, and oils were extracted, sensorially characterized, and where we proceeded to analysis by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). In the analysis of the results, its iconic representation in dendrograms was used, creating different groups of plants according to the analysis performed. In the different evaluations, it was possible to create five groups according to the similarity of the results. However, and despite the dendrograms not showing the same number of samples within each group in the different parameters evaluated, it was possible to establish common plants that coincided in the different groups. When the sensory analysis and FTIR dendrogram were superimposed, it was possible to verify that 17 samples are in the same group, which allowed the formation of homogeneous groups. Despite the great variability that exists, it was possible to establish homogeneous groups, however, whenever possible, this information should be complemented with other information such as the genetic profile of the plant.
Description
Keywords
Oliveiras centenárias Vale do Côa Azeite Valorização Caraterísticas morfológicas e sensoriais