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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O aumento das preocupações ambientais decorrentes da evolução crescente das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa associadas ao uso de combustíveis fósseis, tem contribuído para a expansão na Europa e na América do Norte do Aquecimento Urbano (District Heating). Este sistema possibilita o aquecimento de um conjunto de edifícios a partir de uma única central de aquecimento.
Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de converter o atual sistema de aquecimento do ar ambiente dos vários edifícios do Campus do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, em Portugal, num sistema de Aquecimento Urbano alimentado a biomassa florestal na forma de pellets. Procurou-se avaliar também a possibilidade de usar um sistema de cogeração, como forma de aumentar a eficiência de produção energética da central. Para tal, recorreu-se ao software RETScreen para modelar o sistema atual de aquecimento do Campus assim como para construir modelos de sistemas de aquecimento alternativos com os quais foi posteriormente comparado em termos energéticos, ambientais e de custos de combustível.
Os resultados indicam que um sistema de aquecimento urbano utilizando biomassa como combustível é uma alternativa com benefícios a nível das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa e em termos de custos com combustível, em particular quando baseada em sistemas de cogeração. Assim sendo, a conversão do sistema atual do IPB a gás natural num sistema de aquecimento urbano com cogeração e utilização de biomassa deve ser equacionada como uma solução viável num futuro próximo.
Increasing environmental awareness regarding greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels has contributed to the expansion of District Heating in Europe and North America.This system allows the simultaneous heating of a group of buildings from a single heating plant. In this way, the present work had the objective of evaluating the possibility of converting the current system of ambient air heating of the various buildings of the Campus of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal, in an Urban Heating system fed by forest biomass in the form of pellets. Also, this work aimed to test the use of cogeneration systems fired by biomass, with the simultaneous generation of heat and electricity, increasing the efficiency of production. RETScreen software was used to model the current campus heating system as well as to construct models of alternative heating systems with which it was later compared in terms of emisions and cost of fuel. The results indicate that an urban heating system using biomass as fuel is an alternative with benefits in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and fuel costs when based on cogeneration systems. Therefore, the conversion of the current IPB system based on the use of natural gas in a district heating system centered in a cogeneration plant using biomass should be considered as a viable solution in the near future.
Increasing environmental awareness regarding greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels has contributed to the expansion of District Heating in Europe and North America.This system allows the simultaneous heating of a group of buildings from a single heating plant. In this way, the present work had the objective of evaluating the possibility of converting the current system of ambient air heating of the various buildings of the Campus of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal, in an Urban Heating system fed by forest biomass in the form of pellets. Also, this work aimed to test the use of cogeneration systems fired by biomass, with the simultaneous generation of heat and electricity, increasing the efficiency of production. RETScreen software was used to model the current campus heating system as well as to construct models of alternative heating systems with which it was later compared in terms of emisions and cost of fuel. The results indicate that an urban heating system using biomass as fuel is an alternative with benefits in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and fuel costs when based on cogeneration systems. Therefore, the conversion of the current IPB system based on the use of natural gas in a district heating system centered in a cogeneration plant using biomass should be considered as a viable solution in the near future.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
District heating Biomassa RETScreen Emissões de GEE Bioenergia Energia renovável