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Implementação de uma comunidade de energia renovável caso de estudo do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
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Abstract(s)
A transição energética e a descentralização da produção elétrica são pilares fundamentais para o cumprimento dos compromissos ambientais assumidos por Portugal. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho desenvolve um estudo aprofundado sobre a caracterização, análise e gestão de energia no âmbito de uma Comunidade de Energia Renovável (CER) a ser implementada no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), ao abrigo do Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência (PRR).
A dissertação baseia-se na análise detalhada de 14 Instalações de Utilização (IU), distribuídas por contratos de média tensão, baixa tensão especial e baixa tensão normal, com um consumo anual total de 2510 MWh (ano). Foram considerados dois cenários de consumo (anual e diurno no verão) para o dimensionamento de quatro Unidades de Produção para Autoconsumo (UPACs), com uma potência total instalada de 500 kW. O software PVSyst foi utilizado para simular a produção solar e otimizar a distribuição da potência entre os centros eletroprodutores, tendo-se escolhido o cenário anual como o mais equilibrado.
A proposta de gestão energética assenta num modelo de partilha hierárquica com coeficientes de partilha proporcionais ao consumo, priorizando os pontos de maior custo por kWh. Os resultados demonstram uma taxa média de autoconsumo de aproximadamente 86,5%, com variação sazonal dos excedentes. Adicionalmente, foi analisado o impacto da geração fotovoltaica na fatura de energia reativa, bem como as limitações estruturais dos edifícios para a instalação dos módulos fotovoltaicos.
The energy transition and the decentralization of electricity production are fundamental pillars for meeting the environmental commitments undertaken by Portugal. In this context, the present work develops an in-depth study on the characterization, analysis, and energy management within a Renewable Energy Community (REC) to be implemented at the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), under the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR). The dissertation is based on a detailed analysis of 14 Consumption Installations (CIs), distributed across medium voltage, special low voltage, and normal low voltage contracts, with a total annual consumption of 2510 MWh. Two consumption scenarios (annual and daytime in summer) were considered for the sizing of four Production Units for Self-Consumption (UPACs), with a total installed capacity of 500 kW. The PVSyst software was used to simulate solar production and optimize the power distribution among the power generation centers, with the annual scenario being chosen as the most balanced. The proposed energy management model is based on a hierarchical sharing approach with allocation coefficients proportional to consumption, prioritizing the points with the highest cost per kWh. The results demonstrate an average self-consumption rate of approximately 86.5%, with seasonal variation in surplus generation. Additionally, the impact of photovoltaic generation on the reactive energy bill was analyzed, as well as the structural limitations of the buildings for the installation of photovoltaic modules.
The energy transition and the decentralization of electricity production are fundamental pillars for meeting the environmental commitments undertaken by Portugal. In this context, the present work develops an in-depth study on the characterization, analysis, and energy management within a Renewable Energy Community (REC) to be implemented at the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), under the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR). The dissertation is based on a detailed analysis of 14 Consumption Installations (CIs), distributed across medium voltage, special low voltage, and normal low voltage contracts, with a total annual consumption of 2510 MWh. Two consumption scenarios (annual and daytime in summer) were considered for the sizing of four Production Units for Self-Consumption (UPACs), with a total installed capacity of 500 kW. The PVSyst software was used to simulate solar production and optimize the power distribution among the power generation centers, with the annual scenario being chosen as the most balanced. The proposed energy management model is based on a hierarchical sharing approach with allocation coefficients proportional to consumption, prioritizing the points with the highest cost per kWh. The results demonstrate an average self-consumption rate of approximately 86.5%, with seasonal variation in surplus generation. Additionally, the impact of photovoltaic generation on the reactive energy bill was analyzed, as well as the structural limitations of the buildings for the installation of photovoltaic modules.
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Keywords
Comunidades de energia renovável Autoconsumo coletivo Geração fotovoltaica Gestão de energia