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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A dissertação explora o impacto causado pelo fogo no carbono do solo, como objeto de estudo
foi utilizado o solo das pastagens da montanha da Serra do Alvão, no norte de Portugal. A
região, de clima temperado sub-mediterrâneo, apresenta solos ricos em matéria orgânica em
razão de seu histórico de pastorícia mista, inserindo matéria orgânica no solo através de dejetos,
porém, os solos da região ainda são vulneráveis a incêndios de alta intensidade. Visando a
necessidade de revitalizar e diminuir os riscos causados pelos incêndios rurais, o estudo
investiga métodos de quantificar o carbono do solo e por consequência sua fertilidade, além de
analisar métodos viáveis da recuperação de pastagens, para tanto, coletou-se amostras de solo
em três profundidades 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm e 10-20 cm, que foram submetidas a análise de Walkley-
Black. Através da análise foi possível constatar que incêndios severos podem causar danos à
matéria orgânica presente nas camadas superficiais, gerando um maior acúmulo nas camadas
subsuperficiais (10-20 cm), portanto, foi possível notar que os incêndios de elevada intensidade
afetam drasticamente o stock de carbono do solo e, por consequência diminuição da
produtividade e danos ao ecossistema. Como medida de prevenção e recuperação das pastagens
o trabalho cita diversos métodos, entre eles os principais são, queima controlada, a fim de
diminuir o material de ignição e promover incêndios de baixa magnitude gerando poucos danos
a microbiota do solo e ao sequestro de carbono, também é possível citar o desenvolvimento de
programas de silvopastorícia, que podem promover retorno econômico aos habitantes dessas
áreas, além de aumentar o intervalo entre os incêndios. O presente estudo pode confirmar que
os incêndios de alta intensidade, juntamente com o relevo e as precipitações podem alterar a
distribuição não só, mas também da matéria orgânica do solo, influenciando a qualidade e a
fertilidade do solo.
The dissertation explores the impact caused by fire on soil carbon. The object of study was soil from pastures in the Serra do Alvão mountain, in northern Portugal. The region, with a temperate sub-Mediterranean climate, has soils rich in organic matter due to its history of mixed pastoralism, inserting organic matter into the soil through waste, however, the region's soils are still vulnerable to high-intensity fires. Aiming at the need to revitalize and reduce the risks caused by rural fires, the study investigates methods of quantifying soil carbon and consequently its fertility, in addition to analyzing viable methods of recovering pastures. To this end, soil samples were collected in three depths 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm, which were subjected to Walkley-Black analysis. Through the analysis it was possible to verify that severe fires can cause damage to the organic matter present in the surface layers, generating a greater accumulation in the subsurface layers (10-20 cm), therefore, it was possible to note that high intensity fires drastically affect the stock of soil carbon and, consequently, reduced productivity and damage to the ecosystem. As a measure to prevent and recover pastures, the work cites several methods, among which the main ones are controlled burning, in order to reduce ignition material and promote low-magnitude fires, causing little damage to the soil microbiota and carbon sequestration, It is also possible to mention the development of silvopastoral programs, which can promote economic returns for the inhabitants of these areas, in addition to increasing the interval between fires. The present study can confirm that high-intensity fires, together with relief and precipitation, can change not only the distribution, but also the soil organic matter, influencing the quality and fertility of the soil.
The dissertation explores the impact caused by fire on soil carbon. The object of study was soil from pastures in the Serra do Alvão mountain, in northern Portugal. The region, with a temperate sub-Mediterranean climate, has soils rich in organic matter due to its history of mixed pastoralism, inserting organic matter into the soil through waste, however, the region's soils are still vulnerable to high-intensity fires. Aiming at the need to revitalize and reduce the risks caused by rural fires, the study investigates methods of quantifying soil carbon and consequently its fertility, in addition to analyzing viable methods of recovering pastures. To this end, soil samples were collected in three depths 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm, which were subjected to Walkley-Black analysis. Through the analysis it was possible to verify that severe fires can cause damage to the organic matter present in the surface layers, generating a greater accumulation in the subsurface layers (10-20 cm), therefore, it was possible to note that high intensity fires drastically affect the stock of soil carbon and, consequently, reduced productivity and damage to the ecosystem. As a measure to prevent and recover pastures, the work cites several methods, among which the main ones are controlled burning, in order to reduce ignition material and promote low-magnitude fires, causing little damage to the soil microbiota and carbon sequestration, It is also possible to mention the development of silvopastoral programs, which can promote economic returns for the inhabitants of these areas, in addition to increasing the interval between fires. The present study can confirm that high-intensity fires, together with relief and precipitation, can change not only the distribution, but also the soil organic matter, influencing the quality and fertility of the soil.
Description
Keywords
Incêndios florestais Matéria orgânica Danos ao ecossistema Silvopastorícia