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Abstract(s)
Nesta dissertação é avaliado o papel do hidrogénio na transição energética da União Europeia (UE) fazendo uma análise a vários casos de estudo. São identificadas as características do hidrogénio, assim como os diferentes métodos de produção, armazenamento e distribuição, até chegar à utilização do mesmo. Foi analisada a estratégia da UE para o hidrogénio identificando os seus pontos essenciais e as metas a cumprir. Além disso, foram também abordadas as estratégias nacionais de diversos países da UE, incluindo a estratégia portuguesa para o hidrogénio, bem como identificados diversos projetos implementados, em desenvolvimento e em investigação.
A identificação de diversos projetos a nível europeu e nacional demonstram que existe um compromisso dos países numa implantação crescente do hidrogénio. Dos diferentes métodos de produção, os que apresentam eficiências mais altas são os que utilizam combustíveis fosseis, no entanto, para se produzir hidrogénio limpo, o processo que mais se enquadra na estratégia europeia é a eletrólise. Apesar de diversos países possuírem estratégias nacionais para o hidrogénio, estas divergem de acordo com a visão de cada um dos países. Assim, as abordagens variam a nível dos setores prioritários e dos objetivos principais, pois apesar de todos eles terem os mesmos objetivos, estes variam ao nível da prioridade em cada país. Contudo, é claro que o hidrogénio assume um papel de destaque na transição energética e possui ainda um enorme potencial de expansão e implementação.
In this dissertation the role of hydrogen in the energy transition of the European Union (EU) is evaluated by analyzing several case studies.. The characteristics of hydrogen are identified, as well as the different methods of production, storage, and distribution, until reaching it is use. The EU hydrogen strategy was analyzed, identifying it is essential points and the targets to achieve. In addition, the national strategies of several EU countries were also addressed, including the Portuguese strategy for hydrogen, as well as identified several implemented projects, under development and research. The identification of several projects at European and national level demonstrates that there is a commitment of countries to an increasing deployment of hydrogen. Of the different production methods, those with the highest efficiencies are those using fossil fuels, however, to produce clean hydrogen, the process that best fits the European strategy is electrolysis. Although several countries have national hydrogen strategies, these differ according to each country's vision. Thus, approaches vary at the level of priority sectors and main objectives, as although they all have the same objectives, these vary at the level of priority in each country. However, hydrogen plays a prominent role in the energy transition and still has enormous potential for expansion and implementation.
In this dissertation the role of hydrogen in the energy transition of the European Union (EU) is evaluated by analyzing several case studies.. The characteristics of hydrogen are identified, as well as the different methods of production, storage, and distribution, until reaching it is use. The EU hydrogen strategy was analyzed, identifying it is essential points and the targets to achieve. In addition, the national strategies of several EU countries were also addressed, including the Portuguese strategy for hydrogen, as well as identified several implemented projects, under development and research. The identification of several projects at European and national level demonstrates that there is a commitment of countries to an increasing deployment of hydrogen. Of the different production methods, those with the highest efficiencies are those using fossil fuels, however, to produce clean hydrogen, the process that best fits the European strategy is electrolysis. Although several countries have national hydrogen strategies, these differ according to each country's vision. Thus, approaches vary at the level of priority sectors and main objectives, as although they all have the same objectives, these vary at the level of priority in each country. However, hydrogen plays a prominent role in the energy transition and still has enormous potential for expansion and implementation.
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Keywords
Transição energética Descarbonização União Europeia Hidrogénio