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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A preocupação com o aumento dos Gases de Efeito de Estufa (GEE) através dos níveis
de CO2 na atmosfera, tem contribuido para diversos estudos acerca de soluções que
busquem a redução e formas de mitigação. Neste sentido, avaliar o serviço de ecossistema
(SE) de regulação do clima através do sequestro e armazenamento de carbono surge como
uma ferramenta importante para auxiliar a gestão e tomada de decisões. Desta maneira,
esta dissertação teve como objetivo o mapeamento da dinâmica do carbono armazenado
e sequestrado na Reserva da Faia Brava com base nas alterações observadas no uso e
ocupação do solo entre 1995 e 2018. Para quantificar o sequestro, mapear e valorizar o
armazenamento de carbono no solo, utilizou-se a ferramenta de modelação InVEST
(Integrated Valuation of Ecossystem Services and Trade-offs), em particular o modelo
Carbon storage and sequestration. Para o mapeamento, a avaliação baseou-se na
interpretação das alterações da Carta de Uso e Ocupação do Solo (COS) e na recolha de
dados referente a quatro reservatórios de carbono utilizados na modelação. Foram ainda
construídos dois cenários hipotéticos de uso do solo para a região de estudo projetados
para o ano de 2041 a fim de avaliar de que forma possíveis alterações na paisagem podem
influenciar o SE de regulação do clima. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os diferentes
usos do solo promovem diferentes níveis de armazenamento de carbono e que o solo é o
principal reservatório de carbono na paisagem, contribuindo com mais de 80% de todo o
carbono estimado na região de estudo. Para uma área de 945,60 ha, em 1995 a paisagem
armazenava 94 720,93 tC, passando para 94 818,1 tC em 2018. Foi observado que a classe
de uso do solo que mais contribuiu para este armazenamento foi a dos Matos, seguido de
Florestas. Para o período de 1995 a 2018 obteve-se uma valoração de 10 054,68 € para o
carbono sequestrado. Nos cenários hipotéticos para 2041 foi possível observar que em
ambos os casos a expansão das áreas florestais na paisagem pode impulsionar o processo
de sequestro de carbono (99 793,52 tC), principalmente no cenário de expansão da área
florestal, proporcionando, consequentemente, uma maior valorização do SE de regulação
climática (516 284,30 €). A avaliação do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada
(NDVI) possibilitou analisar e quantificar a percentagem de coberto vegetal da área de
estudo. Por fim, a utilização de ferramentas de análise do armazenamento e sequestro de
carbono tornam-se importantes instrumentos para a tomada de decisões para a gestão do
ambiente no sentido de avaliar os efeitos das alterações da paisagem na regulação
climática e consequentemente na geração de benefícios para a sociedade.
The concern over the increase of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs) through CO2 levels in the atmosphere has contributed to numerous studies on solutions aimed at reduction and mitigation. In this context, evaluating the Ecosystem Service (ES) of climate regulation, such as carbon sequestration and storage, emerges as a crucial tool to aid in management and decision-making. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to map the dynamics of carbon stored and sequestered in the Faia Brava Reserve, based on observed changes in land cover between 1995 and 2018. For quantifying sequestration, mapping, and valuing carbon storage in the soil, was used the environmental modeling InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs), in particular the model Carbon storage and sequestration. For mapping, the assessment relied on the interpretation of changes in the Land Use and Land Cover Map (LULC) and the collection of data regarding four carbon reservoirs used in the modeling. Additionally, two hypothetical scenarios were constructed for the study area projected for the year 2041, to assess how potential alterations might influence the ES of climate regulation. The obtained results confirmed that, different land usage promotes differents carbon storages, with soils organic matter being the primary carbon reservoir in the landscape, contributing to more than 80% of all simulated carbon in the study region. For an area of 945.60 ha, at 1995 the landscape stored 94,720.93 tC, increasing to 94,818.10 tC in 2018. It was observed that the land use contributing the most to this storage is the scrubland class, followed by forested areas. From 1995 to 2018, a valuation of € 10,054.68 was obtained for the sequestered carbon. In the hypothetical scenarios for 2041, it was possible to observe that for those situations, the expansion of forest areas in the landscape can boost the carbon sequestration process (99,793.52 tC ha-1), particularly in the scenario of forest area expansion, consequently providing a higher valuation (€ 516,284.30) of the SE of climate regulation. The evaluation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) enabled the analysis and quantification of the percentage of vegetation cover for the region. Ultimately, the use of tools for analysis of carbon storage and sequestration becomes crucial instruments for decision-making for environmental management in order to evaluate the effects of landscape changes on climate regulation and, consequently, providing benefits for society.
The concern over the increase of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs) through CO2 levels in the atmosphere has contributed to numerous studies on solutions aimed at reduction and mitigation. In this context, evaluating the Ecosystem Service (ES) of climate regulation, such as carbon sequestration and storage, emerges as a crucial tool to aid in management and decision-making. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to map the dynamics of carbon stored and sequestered in the Faia Brava Reserve, based on observed changes in land cover between 1995 and 2018. For quantifying sequestration, mapping, and valuing carbon storage in the soil, was used the environmental modeling InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs), in particular the model Carbon storage and sequestration. For mapping, the assessment relied on the interpretation of changes in the Land Use and Land Cover Map (LULC) and the collection of data regarding four carbon reservoirs used in the modeling. Additionally, two hypothetical scenarios were constructed for the study area projected for the year 2041, to assess how potential alterations might influence the ES of climate regulation. The obtained results confirmed that, different land usage promotes differents carbon storages, with soils organic matter being the primary carbon reservoir in the landscape, contributing to more than 80% of all simulated carbon in the study region. For an area of 945.60 ha, at 1995 the landscape stored 94,720.93 tC, increasing to 94,818.10 tC in 2018. It was observed that the land use contributing the most to this storage is the scrubland class, followed by forested areas. From 1995 to 2018, a valuation of € 10,054.68 was obtained for the sequestered carbon. In the hypothetical scenarios for 2041, it was possible to observe that for those situations, the expansion of forest areas in the landscape can boost the carbon sequestration process (99,793.52 tC ha-1), particularly in the scenario of forest area expansion, consequently providing a higher valuation (€ 516,284.30) of the SE of climate regulation. The evaluation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) enabled the analysis and quantification of the percentage of vegetation cover for the region. Ultimately, the use of tools for analysis of carbon storage and sequestration becomes crucial instruments for decision-making for environmental management in order to evaluate the effects of landscape changes on climate regulation and, consequently, providing benefits for society.
Description
Keywords
Simulação Armazenamento e sequestro de carbono InVEST Valoração