| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.77 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A quinoa é uma cultura andina muito importante ao nível mundial devido ao seu elevado valor proteico (14%) e ausência de glúten no seu grão. As perspectivas de poder ser introduzida na agricultura europeia tem levado à realização de várias experiências com o objetivo de avaliar a sua adaptação às condições climáticas de várias regiões.
Este estudo teve como principal objectivo avaliar o comportamento agronómico da quinoa em diferentes regimes hídricos e níveis de fertilização azotada, nas condições agroecológicas na região de Trás-os-Montes, nordeste de Portugal. Para o efeito foi conduzida uma experiência na Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (Latitude, 41° 47' 52.06" N, Longitude, 6° 45' 58.65" W e Altitude de 693m), utilizando o Delineamento Split-Block com três regimes hídricos (sequeiro, regas com 50% da ETc e 100% de ETc) e 4 níveis de azoto (0; 67; 133 e 200 kg/ha) aplicados na forma de Nitromagnesio.
Para avaliar o comportamento da cultura foram consideradas as variáveis do clima durante o período em que decorreu o ensaio. Foi determinado o tempo térmico, a evapotranspiração da cultura, o balanço hídrico e o teor de água no solo. Na cultura foi medido o índice da área foliar, o potencial hídrico, determinada a biomassa e a produtividade da água.
O comportamento da quinoa foi influenciado pelas condições agroecológicas da região Trás-os-Montes Os resultados mostram que o clima, em particular as elevadas temperaturas e baixa precipitação, e o fotoperíodo influenciaram o desenvolvimento e crescimento da quinoa. As plantas, em meados de Setembro, nas parcelas sem rega estavam em stresse hídrico muito severo (potencial hídrico de -2,3 MPa). Os tratamentos com rega deficitária (50% ETc), mantiveram-se com valores próximos de potencial hídrico de -1,7 MPa em Setembro, revelando uma condição de stresse hídrico menos severo que as plantas não regadas.
O balanço hídrico foi influenciado pelo regime hídrico aplicado. Nos tratamentos com rega as dotações aplicadas foram de 259,1 (50% ETc) e 518,21 mm. Na testemunha não regada a precipitação efectiva foi de 60,5 mm. A biomassa aumentou com o aumento do nível de fertilização azotada até a dose N2 proporcionando um aumento significativo de 485,75% em relação às parcelas não fertilizadas. A produtividade da água foi influenciada significativamente
xi
pela irrigação deficitária e pelo azoto que proporcionou um aumento de 3,04 a 7,44 kg/m3 gerando um incremento na ordem de 144,7% do N0 para N3.
Quinoa is a very important Andean culture worldwide due to its high protein content (14%) and the absence of gluten in its grain. The perspectives of being introduced in European agriculture has led to a number of various experiments in order to assess their adaptation to climatic conditions of different regions. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the agronomic behavior of quinoa in different water regimes and levels of nitrogen fertilization in the agro-ecological conditions of Tras-os-Montes. In order to reach the objectives, an experiment was conducted at the Higher Agricultural School of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (Latitude, 41 ° 47 '52.06 "N, Longitude, 6 ° 45' 58.65" W and 693m Altitude), using the Split-Block with three irrigation regimes (rainfed, irrigation with 50% ETc and 100% ETc) and 4 nitrogen levels (0, 67, 133 and 200 kg/ha). To evaluate the behavior of the crop, the climatic variables were analyzed during the period of the experiment. Thermal time, crop evapotranspiration, water balance and soil water content were determined. The leaf area index, the water potential were measured, and the biomass and water productivity were determined. The quinoa response was influenced by the agroecological conditions of the Trás-os-Montes region. The results show that the climate, in particular the high temperatures and low precipitation, and the photoperiod influenced the development and growth of quinoa. The plants in mid-September in plots without irrigation were in very severe water stress (water potential of -2.3 MPa). The treatments with deficit irrigation (50% ETc), maintained close values of -1.7 MPa water potential in September, revealing a condition of water stress less severe than the non-irrigated plants. The water balance was influenced by the applied water regime. In irrigated treatments the applied amounts were 259.1 (50% ETc) and 518.21 mm. In the non-irrigated control the precipitation was 60.5 mm. Biomass increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization up to the N2 dose, giving a significant increase of 485.75% over unfertilized plots. Water productivity was significantly influenced by deficit irrigation and nitrogen, which increased from 3.04 to 7.44 kg / m3 with a 144.7% increase from N0 to N3.
Quinoa is a very important Andean culture worldwide due to its high protein content (14%) and the absence of gluten in its grain. The perspectives of being introduced in European agriculture has led to a number of various experiments in order to assess their adaptation to climatic conditions of different regions. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the agronomic behavior of quinoa in different water regimes and levels of nitrogen fertilization in the agro-ecological conditions of Tras-os-Montes. In order to reach the objectives, an experiment was conducted at the Higher Agricultural School of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (Latitude, 41 ° 47 '52.06 "N, Longitude, 6 ° 45' 58.65" W and 693m Altitude), using the Split-Block with three irrigation regimes (rainfed, irrigation with 50% ETc and 100% ETc) and 4 nitrogen levels (0, 67, 133 and 200 kg/ha). To evaluate the behavior of the crop, the climatic variables were analyzed during the period of the experiment. Thermal time, crop evapotranspiration, water balance and soil water content were determined. The leaf area index, the water potential were measured, and the biomass and water productivity were determined. The quinoa response was influenced by the agroecological conditions of the Trás-os-Montes region. The results show that the climate, in particular the high temperatures and low precipitation, and the photoperiod influenced the development and growth of quinoa. The plants in mid-September in plots without irrigation were in very severe water stress (water potential of -2.3 MPa). The treatments with deficit irrigation (50% ETc), maintained close values of -1.7 MPa water potential in September, revealing a condition of water stress less severe than the non-irrigated plants. The water balance was influenced by the applied water regime. In irrigated treatments the applied amounts were 259.1 (50% ETc) and 518.21 mm. In the non-irrigated control the precipitation was 60.5 mm. Biomass increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization up to the N2 dose, giving a significant increase of 485.75% over unfertilized plots. Water productivity was significantly influenced by deficit irrigation and nitrogen, which increased from 3.04 to 7.44 kg / m3 with a 144.7% increase from N0 to N3.
Description
Keywords
Clima Irrigação Fertilização azotada