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Publication
Avaliação do potencial de produção do pinheiro manso na região de Mirandela, Trás-os-Montes, Portugal
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Abstract(s)
As áreas arborizadas com Pinheiro manso (Pinus pinea L.) têm aumentado nos últimos
anos devido ao rendimento do pinhão, sendo necessário realizar estudos de caracterização
da cultura para poder aplicar uma gestão adequada e maximizar a sua produtividade. O
presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial produtivo do Pinheiro manso sob
a ótica da multifuncionalidade na Terra Quente Transmontana. Nesta perspetiva avaliouse
a produção em volume, biomassa e carbono, bem como a produção de pinha e pinhão
e outros produtos complementares da exploração como os cogumelos. O trabalho foi
realizado numa área de Pinheiro manso com 40 hectares e cerca de 25 anos de idade.
Foram instaladas 5 parcelas de ensaio permanentes de monitorização com 2.500 m², sendo
2 parcelas em condições sem desbaste e 3 parcelas em condições com desbaste. Realizouse
um inventário florestal com 20 parcelas de amostragem de 500 m² para auxiliar na
caracterização da produção do povoamento. Foi efetuada a caracterização dendrométrica
do povoamento e procedeu-se à quantificação dos demais produtos (volume de madeira,
biomassa, armazenamento de C, pinhas, pinhões e cogumelos). Relativamente à produção
de pinha, fez-se a quantificação do número de pinhas presentes em cada árvore amostrada
e colheram-se 4 pinhas amostra por árvore para análise em laboratório. As pinhas/pinhões
foram avaliadas em peso, características biométricas e sanidade. Em relação aos
cogumelos foram instalados 3 transetos de 50 m² por parcela, tendo-se considerado para
o efeito 2 parcelas de monitorização sem desbaste e 1 parcela de monitorização com
desbaste, e quantificado o número e peso verde por espécie. Os resultados apontam para
uma produção média em volume do povoamento não desbastado de 50,66 m³ ha-1 e 24,28
m³ ha-1 com desbaste. Para biomassa total média obteve-se na condição sem desbaste 61
239,90 kg ha-1 e 31 229,19 kg ha-1 na condição com desbaste. Relativamente ao
armazenamento de C total foram obtidos valores médios de 30,62 t C ha-1 na condição
sem desbaste e 15,61 t C ha-1 para condição com desbaste. Nas parcelas de monitorização
obteve-se um peso verde médio de pinha de 277,71 g e 2,53% de ataque de insetos para
a safra 2018/2019 e 219,17 g de peso verde e 2,45% de ataque de insetos para a safra
2019/2020, para as parcelas de inventário florestal obteve-se 237,32 g na safra de
2019/2020. Nas parcelas de monitorização obteve-se um rendimento em miolo de 2,21%
para a safra de 2018/2019 e 2,07% para a safra de 2019/2020. Por sua vez, nas parcelas
de inventário florestal obteve-se um rendimento em miolo de 2,09% para a safra de
2019/2020. Nas parcelas de monitorização, na safra de 2018/2019, foram necessárias, em
média, cerca de 3,6 pinhas para se obter 1 kg de pinha tendo aumentado para 4,8 pinhas
por quilo na safra de 2019/2020. Com base na informação das parcelas de inventário
florestal foram necessárias cerca de 3,57 pinhas para obter 1 kg de pinha na safra de
2019/2020. Relativamente aos cogumelos foram observadas nas parcelas de
monitorização sem desbaste cinco espécies comestíveis: Lactarius Deliciosus, Russula
cyanoxantha, Cantharellus lutescens, Tricholoma sp. e Suillus granulatus. Na área
desbastada foram observadas 3 espécies comestíveis: Lactarius Deliciosus, Russula
cyanoxantha e Cantharellus lutescens. Por se tratar de um povoamento jovem
inicialmente instalado com o objetivo de produção de madeira e convertido após 20 anos
para produção de pinha, com redução significativa de densidades por ação de desbaste, a
sua produção não se encontra ainda maximizada devido ao curto espaço temporal de
reabertura à luz para induzir a sua formação. O potencial de produção, avaliado com base
nos modelos retirados da bibliografia de referência, demonstra um elevado potencial para
esta cultura na região de Mirandela.
The areas wooded with stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) have increased in recent years due to the yield of the pine nut. So, it is necessary to carry out studies to characterize the crop to apply adequate management and maximize its productivity. This work aims to evaluate the productive potential of stone pine from the perspective of multifunctional forestry in Terra Quente Transmontana. In this context, the production in volume, biomass, and =carbon was evaluated, as well as the production of pine cones and pine nuts and other complementary products of the farm such as mushrooms. The work was carried out in an area of 40 hectares of stone pine with about 25 years old. 5 permanent monitoring plots with 2,500 m² each were installed, 2 plots in conditions without thinning, and 3 plots in conditions with thinning. A forest inventory was carried out with 20 sampling plots of 500 m² each to assist in the characterization of the stone pines production. The dendrometric characterization of the stand was carried out and the other products were quantified (volume of wood, biomass, C storage, pine cones, pine nuts, and mushrooms). Regarding the production of pine cones, the number of cones present in each sampled tree was quantified and 4 cones per tree were sampled for laboratory analysis. Pine cones/ nuts were evaluated by weight, biometric characteristics, and health. Regarding the mushrooms, were considered 3 plots 2,500 m2 in which 2 of them are in a condition without thinning and 1 with thinning. For each plot 3 transects of 50 m² were installed. The number of mushrooms and green weight per species where quantified. The results show a stone pine production in volume of 50.66 m³ha-1 in the no-thinning situation and 24.28 m³ ha-1 in thinning stand. For the total biomass, it was obtained on average 61,239.90 kg ha-1 and 31,229.19 kg ha-1, respectively, in the condition without and with thinning. Regarding total C storage, mean values 30.62 t C ha-1 and 15.61 t C ha-1were obtained, respectively, in the condition without and with thinning. In the monitoring areas, an average green weight per cone of 277.71 g and 2.53% of insect attack and 219,17 g and 2.45% of insect attack was obtained for the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 harvest, respectively. For the forest inventory plots that cover the entire stand, 237.32 g was obtained in the 2019/2020 harvest. In the monitoring plots, a yield of 2.21% in the white kernel or pine nut was obtained for the 2018/2019 harvest and 2.07% for the 2019/2020 harvest. In turn, the forest inventory plots yielded a kernel yield of 2,09% for the 2019/2020 harvest. In the monitoring plots, in the 2018/2019 harvest, it was necessary, on average, about 3.6 cones to obtain 1 kg of cones having increased to 4.8 cones per kilo in the 2019/2020 harvest. Based on information from the forest inventory plots, approximately 3.57 cones were needed to obtain 1 kg of cones in the 2019/2020 harvest. Regarding mushrooms, five edible species were observed in the monitoring plots without thinning: Lactarius Deliciosus, Russula cyanoxantha, Cantharellus lutescens, Tricholoma sp. and Suillus granulatus. In the thinned area, 3 edible species were observed: Lactarius Deliciosus, Russula cyanoxantha and Cantharellus lutescens. As it is a young stand initially installed for wood production and converted after 20 years to pine production, with a significant reduction in densities due to thinning, its production is not yet maximized due to the short period of reopens to light to induce its formation. The production potential based on the models taken from the reference bibliography shows a high potential for this culture in the Mirandela region.
The areas wooded with stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) have increased in recent years due to the yield of the pine nut. So, it is necessary to carry out studies to characterize the crop to apply adequate management and maximize its productivity. This work aims to evaluate the productive potential of stone pine from the perspective of multifunctional forestry in Terra Quente Transmontana. In this context, the production in volume, biomass, and =carbon was evaluated, as well as the production of pine cones and pine nuts and other complementary products of the farm such as mushrooms. The work was carried out in an area of 40 hectares of stone pine with about 25 years old. 5 permanent monitoring plots with 2,500 m² each were installed, 2 plots in conditions without thinning, and 3 plots in conditions with thinning. A forest inventory was carried out with 20 sampling plots of 500 m² each to assist in the characterization of the stone pines production. The dendrometric characterization of the stand was carried out and the other products were quantified (volume of wood, biomass, C storage, pine cones, pine nuts, and mushrooms). Regarding the production of pine cones, the number of cones present in each sampled tree was quantified and 4 cones per tree were sampled for laboratory analysis. Pine cones/ nuts were evaluated by weight, biometric characteristics, and health. Regarding the mushrooms, were considered 3 plots 2,500 m2 in which 2 of them are in a condition without thinning and 1 with thinning. For each plot 3 transects of 50 m² were installed. The number of mushrooms and green weight per species where quantified. The results show a stone pine production in volume of 50.66 m³ha-1 in the no-thinning situation and 24.28 m³ ha-1 in thinning stand. For the total biomass, it was obtained on average 61,239.90 kg ha-1 and 31,229.19 kg ha-1, respectively, in the condition without and with thinning. Regarding total C storage, mean values 30.62 t C ha-1 and 15.61 t C ha-1were obtained, respectively, in the condition without and with thinning. In the monitoring areas, an average green weight per cone of 277.71 g and 2.53% of insect attack and 219,17 g and 2.45% of insect attack was obtained for the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 harvest, respectively. For the forest inventory plots that cover the entire stand, 237.32 g was obtained in the 2019/2020 harvest. In the monitoring plots, a yield of 2.21% in the white kernel or pine nut was obtained for the 2018/2019 harvest and 2.07% for the 2019/2020 harvest. In turn, the forest inventory plots yielded a kernel yield of 2,09% for the 2019/2020 harvest. In the monitoring plots, in the 2018/2019 harvest, it was necessary, on average, about 3.6 cones to obtain 1 kg of cones having increased to 4.8 cones per kilo in the 2019/2020 harvest. Based on information from the forest inventory plots, approximately 3.57 cones were needed to obtain 1 kg of cones in the 2019/2020 harvest. Regarding mushrooms, five edible species were observed in the monitoring plots without thinning: Lactarius Deliciosus, Russula cyanoxantha, Cantharellus lutescens, Tricholoma sp. and Suillus granulatus. In the thinned area, 3 edible species were observed: Lactarius Deliciosus, Russula cyanoxantha and Cantharellus lutescens. As it is a young stand initially installed for wood production and converted after 20 years to pine production, with a significant reduction in densities due to thinning, its production is not yet maximized due to the short period of reopens to light to induce its formation. The production potential based on the models taken from the reference bibliography shows a high potential for this culture in the Mirandela region.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Produção da Pinus pinea Pinhão Produção de pinha Biomassa Carbono Cogumelos Silvicultura multifuncional