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Abstract(s)
O elevado consumo de matérias primas naturais para a fabricação de materiais de construção civil tem causado um grande impacto ambiental, a contribuir negativamente para a preservação do planeta. Considerando a eminente evolução dessa área nos últimos anos, a preocupação com o meio ambiente se torna cada vez mais um assunto a ser priorizado. Como exemplo desse impacto, a fabricação do betão exige uma grande extração de recursos naturais.
Trabalhos de investigação foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de estudar a composição favorável a um elemento de construção leve com incorporação de resíduo têxtil bem como a sua caracterização física e mecânica. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para a caracterização destes elementos quanto à sua reação ao fogo. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando o equipamento Calorímetro de Cone, ensaio este preconizado pela norma ISO 5660-1 [1].
Duas composições com a incorporação do referido têxtil foram estudadas, a Composição 1 produzida com uma relação resíduo têxtil – cimento – água de 1 – 3.75 – 6.67 e a Composição 2 produzida com uma relação de 1 – 2 – 6.5, tendo sido fabricados 18 provetes de cada uma delas com dimensões que variam entre 100x100x34 [mm³] e 100x100x38 [mm³]. Os provetes foram ensaiados a três fluxos de calor diferentes para simular situações distintas de incêndio, onde o fluxo de 35 [kW/m²] simula o início da propagação do incêndio, o fluxo de 50 [kW/m²] simula o início do flashover e o fluxo de 75 [kW/m²] simula o fogo totalmente desenvolvido.
Após a realização dos ensaios e análise dos resultados, pôde-se concluir que de maneira mais ampla os provetes da Composição 2 apresentaram valores mais satisfatórios que os da Composição 1, porém cabe-se ressaltar que os provetes da Composição 1 apresentaram melhor trabalhabilidade na fase de fabricação dos provetes, sendo mais fácil de manuseá-lo, o que se deve ao fato de maior presença de cimento. De modo geral, os elementos de construção leve com incorporação de resíduos têxteis obtiveram comportamento ao fogo bastante satisfatório nos ensaios do Calorímetro de Cone, contrariando a ideia inicial de que reagiriam mal devido à grande presença de resíduo têxtil. Tal conclusão pode ser tirada devido aos baixos valores de HRR e THR apresentados nos ensaios e às análises comparativas realizadas na classificação de reação ao fogo dos materiais de construção. Ressalta-se que os provetes ensaiados para um fluxo de calor de 35 [kW/m²] apresentaram uma taxa de combustão de 16.67%, com isso, pôde-se concluir que o material tem uma baixa colaboração para a propagação do fogo em caso em incêndio.
The high consumption of natural resources for the manufacture of construction materials has caused a great environmental impact, contributing negatively to the preservation of the planet. Considering the eminent evolution of this area in recent years, the concern with the environment becomes more and more a matter to be prioritized. As an example of this impact, the manufacture of concrete requires a large extraction of natural resources. Research works were developed in order to study the favourable composition for a lightweight construction element with textile waste incorporation as well as its physical and mechanical characterization. The objective of this study is to contribute to the characterization of these elements regarding their reaction to fire. The studies were performed using the Cone Calorimeter equipment, a test recommended by ISO 5660-1 [1]. Two compositions with the incorporation of the referred textile were studied, Composition 1 produced with a ratio of textile waste - cement - water of 1 - 3.75 - 6.67 and Composition 2 produced with a ratio of 1 - 2 - 6.5, having been manufactured 18 samples of each one of them with dimensions that vary between 100x100x34 [mm³] and 100x100x38 [mm³]. The samples were tested at three different heat flows to simulate different fire situations, where the flow of 35 [kW/m²] simulates the beginning of fire propagation, the flow of 50 [kW/m²] simulates the beginning of flashover and the flow of 75 [kW/m²] simulates the fully developed fire. After the tests and analysis of the results, it was possible to conclude that, in a broader way, the Composition 2 samples presented more satisfactory values than those of Composition 1, however, it is important to emphasize that the Composition 1 samples presented better workability in the manufacturing phase of the samples, being easier to handle, which is due to the greater presence of cement. In general, the lightweight construction elements with the incorporation of textile residues had a very satisfactory fire behaviour in the Cone Calorimeter tests, contrary to the initial idea that they would react poorly due to the large presence of textile residues. Such conclusion can be drawn due to the low HRR and THR values presented in the tests and the comparative analyses performed in the reaction to fire classification of construction materials. It should be noted that the samples tested for a heat flow of 35 [kW/m²] showed a combustion rate of 16.67%, which means that the material has a low collaboration for the propagation of fire in case of fire.
The high consumption of natural resources for the manufacture of construction materials has caused a great environmental impact, contributing negatively to the preservation of the planet. Considering the eminent evolution of this area in recent years, the concern with the environment becomes more and more a matter to be prioritized. As an example of this impact, the manufacture of concrete requires a large extraction of natural resources. Research works were developed in order to study the favourable composition for a lightweight construction element with textile waste incorporation as well as its physical and mechanical characterization. The objective of this study is to contribute to the characterization of these elements regarding their reaction to fire. The studies were performed using the Cone Calorimeter equipment, a test recommended by ISO 5660-1 [1]. Two compositions with the incorporation of the referred textile were studied, Composition 1 produced with a ratio of textile waste - cement - water of 1 - 3.75 - 6.67 and Composition 2 produced with a ratio of 1 - 2 - 6.5, having been manufactured 18 samples of each one of them with dimensions that vary between 100x100x34 [mm³] and 100x100x38 [mm³]. The samples were tested at three different heat flows to simulate different fire situations, where the flow of 35 [kW/m²] simulates the beginning of fire propagation, the flow of 50 [kW/m²] simulates the beginning of flashover and the flow of 75 [kW/m²] simulates the fully developed fire. After the tests and analysis of the results, it was possible to conclude that, in a broader way, the Composition 2 samples presented more satisfactory values than those of Composition 1, however, it is important to emphasize that the Composition 1 samples presented better workability in the manufacturing phase of the samples, being easier to handle, which is due to the greater presence of cement. In general, the lightweight construction elements with the incorporation of textile residues had a very satisfactory fire behaviour in the Cone Calorimeter tests, contrary to the initial idea that they would react poorly due to the large presence of textile residues. Such conclusion can be drawn due to the low HRR and THR values presented in the tests and the comparative analyses performed in the reaction to fire classification of construction materials. It should be noted that the samples tested for a heat flow of 35 [kW/m²] showed a combustion rate of 16.67%, which means that the material has a low collaboration for the propagation of fire in case of fire.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Associação Educativa Evangélica - UniEvangélica
Keywords
Resíduo têxtil Elementos de construção leve Reação ao fogo Calorímetro de cone Segurança contra incêndio Sustentabilidade