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O fósforo (P) é um dos nutrientes de maior importância na fertilização das culturas. No solo pode ser encontrado em diferentes frações orgânicas e inorgânicas de distinta biodisponibilidade para as plantas. Alguns condicionadores de solo como biochar e zeólitos, podem ajudar a regular a sua biodisponibilidade no solo. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito destes condicionadores e sua interação com a fertilização fosfatada em parâmetros fisiológicos da cultura do milho, em experimentos instalados a campo e em vasos. Em campo, com delineamento fatorial com três níveis de condicionadores (biochar, zeólitos e mineral) e quatro doses de P (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) e três repetições. Em vasos, em delineamento completamente casualizado, com os tratamentos Controle, Biochar, Biochar + P mineral, Zeólitos, Zeólitos + P mineral e P mineral. Realizaram-se determinações da intensidade da cor verde e da fluorescência das clorofilas e avaliou-se a produtividade de matéria seca. Análises químicas do solo foram determinadas no experimento em vasos e análises químicas dos tecidos vegetais foram realizadas nas plantas de ambos os experimentos. Realizou-se também o fracionamento de fósforo Hedley e a atividade da enzima fosfatase ácida. As determinações fisiológicas se demonstraram pouco sensíveis aos tratamentos quer nos vasos quer no campo. Quanto a produção de matéria seca nos vasos e no campo, ficou clara a resposta da cultura à adubação fosfatada. Os condicionadores Biochar e Zeólitos originaram aumentos no teor de P nas plantas de milho tanto no experimento em vasos como também a campo em comparação com o tratamento mineral. A aplicação de P aumentou os valores de P extraível, P lábil, P exportado e atividade da fosfatase ácida, independentemente da associação ou não com os condicionadores do solo.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients in crop fertilization. In the soil it can be found in different organic and inorganic fractions of different bioavailability for plants. Some soil conditioners, such as biochar and zeolites, can help regulate their bioavailability in the soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of these soil conditioners and their interaction with phosphate fertilization in physiological parameters of maize crop, in experiments carried out in the field and in pots. In the field, the experiment was arranged as a factorial design with three levels of the factor soil conditioning (biochar, zeolites and mineral) and four rates of P (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three replicates. In pots, the experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, with the treatments Control, Biochar, Biochar + P mineral, Zeolites, Zeolites + P mineral and P mineral. The greenness of the leaves and the chlorophyll fluorescence were performed and the total dry matter yield determined. Several soil properties were also determined in the pot experiment as well as the elemental composition of plant tissue (leaves and aboveground biomass). Hedley phosphorus fractionation and acid phosphatase enzyme activity were also carried out. Physiological determinations were shown to be little sensitive to fertilizer treatments both in the pot and field experiments. As for the production of dry matter in pots and in the field, the response of the crop to phosphate fertilization was clear. The conditioners Biochar and Zeólites increased the P concentration in the maize plants both in the pot and also in the field experiment in comparison to the mineral treatment. The application of P increased the values of extractable P, labile P, P recovered in plant tissues and acid phosphatase activity, regardless of the association or not with soil conditioners.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients in crop fertilization. In the soil it can be found in different organic and inorganic fractions of different bioavailability for plants. Some soil conditioners, such as biochar and zeolites, can help regulate their bioavailability in the soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of these soil conditioners and their interaction with phosphate fertilization in physiological parameters of maize crop, in experiments carried out in the field and in pots. In the field, the experiment was arranged as a factorial design with three levels of the factor soil conditioning (biochar, zeolites and mineral) and four rates of P (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three replicates. In pots, the experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, with the treatments Control, Biochar, Biochar + P mineral, Zeolites, Zeolites + P mineral and P mineral. The greenness of the leaves and the chlorophyll fluorescence were performed and the total dry matter yield determined. Several soil properties were also determined in the pot experiment as well as the elemental composition of plant tissue (leaves and aboveground biomass). Hedley phosphorus fractionation and acid phosphatase enzyme activity were also carried out. Physiological determinations were shown to be little sensitive to fertilizer treatments both in the pot and field experiments. As for the production of dry matter in pots and in the field, the response of the crop to phosphate fertilization was clear. The conditioners Biochar and Zeólites increased the P concentration in the maize plants both in the pot and also in the field experiment in comparison to the mineral treatment. The application of P increased the values of extractable P, labile P, P recovered in plant tissues and acid phosphatase activity, regardless of the association or not with soil conditioners.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Zea mays Estado nutricional Produção de matéria seca Fracionamento do fósforo Condicionadores de solo