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The drag crisis phenomenon on an elite road cyclist: a preliminary numerical simulations analysis in the aero position at different speeds

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorMorais, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorNeiva, Henrique P.
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Tiago M.
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, D.A.
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-06T09:02:39Z
dc.date.available2020-08-06T09:02:39Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThe drag crisis phenomenon is the drop of drag coefficient (Cd) with increasing Reynolds number (Re) or speed. The aim of this study was to assess the hypothetical drag crisis phenomenon in a sports setting, assessing it in a bicycle–cyclist system. A male elite-level cyclist was recruited for this research and his competition bicycle, helmet, suit, and shoes were used. A three-dimensional (3D) geometry was obtained with a 3D scan with the subject in a static aero position. A domain with 7 m of length, 2.5 m of width and 2.5 m of height was created around the cyclist. The domain was meshed with 42 million elements. Numerical simulations by computer fluid dynamics (CFD) fluent numerical code were conducted at speeds between 1 m/s and 22 m/s, with increments of 1 m/s. The drag coefficient ranged between 0.60 and 0.95 across different speeds and Re. The highest value was observed at 2 m/s (Cd = 0.95) and Re of 3.21 × 105, whereas the lower Cd was noted at 9 m/s (Cd = 0.60) and 9.63 × 105. A drag crisis was noted between 3 m/s and 9 m/s. Pressure Cd ranged from 0.35 to 0.52 and the lowest value was observed at 3m/s and the highest at 2 m/s. The viscous drag coefficient ranged between 0.15 and 0.43 and presented a trend decreasing from 4 m/s to 22 m/s. Coaches, cyclists, researchers, and support staff must consider that Cd varies with speed and Re, and the bicycle–cyclist dimensions, shape, or form may affect drag and performance estimations. As a conclusion, this preliminary work noted a drag crisis between 3 m/s and 9 m/s in a cyclist in the aero positionpt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (project UIDB04045/2020) and The APC was funded by Research Center in Sports Health and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationForte, Pedro; Morais, J.E.; Neiva, H.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Marinho, D.A (2020). The drag crisis phenomenon on an elite road cyclist: a preliminary numerical simulations analysis in the aero position at different speeds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. ISSN 1661-7827. 17:14, p. 1-9pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph17145003pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/22657
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPI AGpt_PT
dc.relationUIDB04045/2020pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectCyclingpt_PT
dc.subjectDrag coefficientpt_PT
dc.subjectDrag crisispt_PT
dc.subjectNumerical simulationspt_PT
dc.titleThe drag crisis phenomenon on an elite road cyclist: a preliminary numerical simulations analysis in the aero position at different speedspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage9pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue14pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume17pt_PT
person.familyNameForte
person.familyNameMorais
person.familyNameBarbosa
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameJ. E.
person.givenNameTiago M.
person.identifier867179
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.ciencia-idAA12-BF58-EE60
person.identifier.ciencia-id8B11-BDC4-F6FF
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6885-0648
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7071-2116
person.identifier.scopus-author-id10044856400
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication80b13e62-254d-4d46-ad90-8b509ab523a8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42

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