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Authors
Abstract(s)
O consumo de energia em edifícios residenciais ocorre prioritariamente para o aquecimento
de águas quentes e climatização (aquecimento e arrefecimento de ambientes). Sendo assim,
a utilização de energia é um assunto em grande foco atualmente, pois impacta na emissão de
gases de efeito estufa.
Portugal comprometeu-se, no âmbito do Acordo de Paris, a tornar-se um país carbono neutro
até 2050 e o plano de ação para atingir tal meta envolve a promoção dos edifícios com
necessidades quase nulas de energia (NZEB) e a revisão do sistema de certificação
energética nacional, que provocou a alteração da legislação sobre o desempenho térmico de
edifícios. Devido a esta mudança, fez-se um estudo sobre a legislação relativa ao
desempenho energético de edifícios válida até 31 de dezembro de 2020, o Decreto-Lei
118/2013, e a legislação em vigor após o dia 01 de julho de 2021, o Decreto-Lei 101-D/2020.
Julgou-se interessante desenvolver um estudo de caso para avaliar o impacto de diferentes
soluções correntes passivas e ativas (alterações da camada de isolamento térmico, aumento
da área de vãos envidraçados, mudanças na inércia térmica, alteração da taxa nominal de
renovação interior, mudança dos sistemas técnicos utilizados, entre outros) nas necessidades
anuais de aquecimento, arrefecimento e energia primária de um edifício de habitação novo,
localizado em uma zona de inverno I3 e zona de verão V2. O estudo visa reunir soluções
preferenciais para adoção durante a fase de projeto de um edifício residencial NZEB.
Considerando o estudo feito para adequação do edifício REH para NZEB, a alteração de
características simples (o aumento do isolamento dos elementos da envolvente interior,
aumento da taxa nominal de renovação interior e maior utilização de sistemas técnicos com
uso de energias renováveis) provocou uma redução da emissão anual de CO2 de
aproximadamente 76%.
Em relação aos estudos efetuados referentes aos sistemas técnicos concluiu-se que há
diversos fatores subjetivos a serem considerados e não é possível apontar um pacote de
soluções preferencial. Assim, é indispensável a consideração do projetista na escolha das
soluções, sendo necessário uma avaliação profissional a respeito dos parâmetros subjetivos
como o impacto ambiental, impacto na saúde dos utilizadores, dificuldade na manutenção e
instalação da solução, estética, funcionalidade e conforto, visto que todos esses parâmetros
subjetivos influenciam na continuidade da vida humana no planeta.
Energy consumption in residential buildings occur primarily for hot water heating and space heating and cooling, so the use of energy is a subject in great focus today, as it impacts the emission of greenhouse gases. Portugal is committed, under the Paris Agreement, to become carbon neutral by 2050 and the action plan to achieve this target involves the promotion of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB), as well as the review of the national energy certification system which caused the alteration of the legislation on the thermal performance of buildings. Due to this change, a study was carried out about the legislation on the energy performance of buildings valid until December 31 of 2020, the Decree-Law 118/2013, and the legislation in force after 1st of July of 2021, the Decree-Law 101-D/2020. A case study was developed to assess the impact of different usual passive and active solutions (changes in the thermal insulation layer, increase in the area of windows, changes in thermal inertia, change in the nominal rate of interior renovation, change in the technical systems used, among others) on the annual heating, cooling and primary energy needs of a new residential building located in a winter zone I3 and summer zone V2 of Portugal. The study aims to bring together priority solutions for adoption during the design phase of an NZEB residential building. Considering the study carried out to adapt the REH building to NZEB, the change in simple characteristics (increased insulation of the elements of the interior environment, increase in the nominal rate of interior renovation and greater use of renewable energies in technical systems) caused an annual reduction of CO2 emission in approximately 76%. Regarding the studies carried out regarding technical systems, it was concluded that there are several subjective factors to be considered and it is not possible to point out a preferential package of solutions. Thus, it is essential that the designer considers the choice of solutions, requiring a professional assessment of subjective parameters such as environmental impact, impact on users health, difficulty in maintaining and installing the systems, aesthetics, functionality and comfort, since all these subjective parameters influence the continuity of human life on the planet.
Energy consumption in residential buildings occur primarily for hot water heating and space heating and cooling, so the use of energy is a subject in great focus today, as it impacts the emission of greenhouse gases. Portugal is committed, under the Paris Agreement, to become carbon neutral by 2050 and the action plan to achieve this target involves the promotion of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB), as well as the review of the national energy certification system which caused the alteration of the legislation on the thermal performance of buildings. Due to this change, a study was carried out about the legislation on the energy performance of buildings valid until December 31 of 2020, the Decree-Law 118/2013, and the legislation in force after 1st of July of 2021, the Decree-Law 101-D/2020. A case study was developed to assess the impact of different usual passive and active solutions (changes in the thermal insulation layer, increase in the area of windows, changes in thermal inertia, change in the nominal rate of interior renovation, change in the technical systems used, among others) on the annual heating, cooling and primary energy needs of a new residential building located in a winter zone I3 and summer zone V2 of Portugal. The study aims to bring together priority solutions for adoption during the design phase of an NZEB residential building. Considering the study carried out to adapt the REH building to NZEB, the change in simple characteristics (increased insulation of the elements of the interior environment, increase in the nominal rate of interior renovation and greater use of renewable energies in technical systems) caused an annual reduction of CO2 emission in approximately 76%. Regarding the studies carried out regarding technical systems, it was concluded that there are several subjective factors to be considered and it is not possible to point out a preferential package of solutions. Thus, it is essential that the designer considers the choice of solutions, requiring a professional assessment of subjective parameters such as environmental impact, impact on users health, difficulty in maintaining and installing the systems, aesthetics, functionality and comfort, since all these subjective parameters influence the continuity of human life on the planet.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Eficiência energética Edifício de habitação NZEB