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Abstract(s)
As Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SBN), definidas como ações inspiradas em sistemas naturais e que possuem a finalidade de promover os benefícios ecossistémicos, podem ser utilizadas como uma forma de mitigar os efeitos adversos gerados pela expansão e desenvolvimento das zonas industriais urbanas. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa buscou analisar a influência das SBN, com foco nos efeitos da vegetação arbórea, da zona industrial de Bragança (PT), na absorção de carbono e na qualidade do ar, a partir de modelações e simulações microclimáticas em dois software, i-Tree e ENVI-met, podendo-se assim comparar o uso de ambas as ferramentas. A metodologia da pesquisa baseou-se na criação e simulação de três cenários: Cenário 0, que não incluiu a presença do elemento arbóreo; Cenário 1, correspondente à situação atual da área de estudo; e Cenário 2, que representa uma proposta de introdução de uma zona verde no local. Assim, a partir dos dados primários coletados em campo e dados secundários meteorológicos, foram realizadas simulações para o ano de 2022 e para o ano de 2052, a fim de se comparar os efeitos da vegetação ao longo do tempo. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que a existência de vegetação arbórea em áreas industriais contribui para a absorção e armazenamento de CO2, assim como para a melhoria da qualidade do ar, em especial a amenização da temperatura e remoção de poluentes atmosféricos. Também se comprovou que quanto maior o grau de desenvolvimento da vegetação urbana, maiores os benefícios ecossistémicos alcançados. Em termos quantitativos, as simulações mostraram que a inserção de vegetação em zonas industriais pode duplicar a remoção de poluentes e a absorção de CO2 anual, e incrementar em aproximadamente 40% o armazenamento de CO2. Já em termos de fluxo de CO2, estima-se que a absorção de um determinado local pode alcançar um incremento de até 200%. Em relação ao uso dos dois software, constatou-se que a comparação direta dos resultados não é facilmente alcançável, pois enquanto o i-Tree fornece análises globais, anuais e mensais, a partir de uma interface mais simples e acessível, o ENVI-met permite a simulação horária de cada dia do ano a partir de um sistema mais complexo, robusto, fornecendo resultados mais detalhados. O uso de cada um deles dependerá do objetivo da pesquisa, sendo que ambos podem ser utilizados para mensuração dos benefícios da vegetação urbana.
Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), defined as actions inspired by natural systems and intended to promote ecosystem benefits, can be used as a way to mitigate the adverse effects generated by the expansion and development of urban industrial zones. In this sense, this research sought to analyze the influence of SBN, with a focus on tree vegetation, in the industrial zone of Bragança (PT), in relation to carbon sequestration and air quality, by using modelling and microclimatic simulations from the use of two software, i-Tree and ENVI-met, thus being able to compare the use of both tools. The research methodology was based on the creation and simulation of three scenarios focused on the simulations: Scenario 0, which does not consider the tree element; Scenario 1, which reflects the current situation of the study area; and Scenario 2, which consists in implementation of an additional green zone on the site. Thus, from primary data collected in the field and secondary meteorological data, simulations were performed for the years 2022 and 2052, in order to compare the effects of vegetation over time. The results obtained proved that the existence of arboreal vegetation in industrial areas contributes to the improvement of air quality, especially for the absorption and storage of CO2, reduction of temperature and removal of pollutants. It was also proven that the higher the degree of development of urban vegetation, the greater the ecosystemic benefits achieved. In quantitative terms, the simulations showed that the insertion of vegetation in industrial zones can improve by approximately 100% the removal of pollutants and the annual CO2 absorption, and approximately 40% the CO2 storage. In terms of CO2 flux, the absorption of a given site can reach an increase of up to 200%. Regarding the use of the two software, it was found that a direct comparison of the results is not easily achievable because while i-Tree provides annual and monthly global analyses from a simpler and more accessible interface, ENVI-met allows hourly simulation of each day of the year from a more complex, robust system, providing more detailed results. The use of each software will depend on the research objective, but both can be used to measure the benefits of urban vegetation.
Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), defined as actions inspired by natural systems and intended to promote ecosystem benefits, can be used as a way to mitigate the adverse effects generated by the expansion and development of urban industrial zones. In this sense, this research sought to analyze the influence of SBN, with a focus on tree vegetation, in the industrial zone of Bragança (PT), in relation to carbon sequestration and air quality, by using modelling and microclimatic simulations from the use of two software, i-Tree and ENVI-met, thus being able to compare the use of both tools. The research methodology was based on the creation and simulation of three scenarios focused on the simulations: Scenario 0, which does not consider the tree element; Scenario 1, which reflects the current situation of the study area; and Scenario 2, which consists in implementation of an additional green zone on the site. Thus, from primary data collected in the field and secondary meteorological data, simulations were performed for the years 2022 and 2052, in order to compare the effects of vegetation over time. The results obtained proved that the existence of arboreal vegetation in industrial areas contributes to the improvement of air quality, especially for the absorption and storage of CO2, reduction of temperature and removal of pollutants. It was also proven that the higher the degree of development of urban vegetation, the greater the ecosystemic benefits achieved. In quantitative terms, the simulations showed that the insertion of vegetation in industrial zones can improve by approximately 100% the removal of pollutants and the annual CO2 absorption, and approximately 40% the CO2 storage. In terms of CO2 flux, the absorption of a given site can reach an increase of up to 200%. Regarding the use of the two software, it was found that a direct comparison of the results is not easily achievable because while i-Tree provides annual and monthly global analyses from a simpler and more accessible interface, ENVI-met allows hourly simulation of each day of the year from a more complex, robust system, providing more detailed results. The use of each software will depend on the research objective, but both can be used to measure the benefits of urban vegetation.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG
Keywords
Soluções baseadas na natureza Árvores Qualidade do ar Modelação Simulação i-Tree ENVI-met