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Upper-limb kinematics and kinetics imbalances in the determinants of front-crawl swimming at maximal speed in young international level swimmers

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dc.contributor.authorMorais, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorNevill, Alan M.
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Tiago M.
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, D.A.
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-06T09:10:06Z
dc.date.available2020-08-06T09:10:06Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractShort-distance swimmers may exhibit imbalances in their upper-limbs' thrust (differences between the thrust produced by each upper-limb). At maximal speed, higher imbalances are related to poorer performances. Additionally, little is known about the relationship between thrust and swim speed, and whether hypothetical imbalances exist in the speed achieved while performing each upper-limb arm-pull. This could be a major issue at least while swimming at maximal speed. This study aimed to: (1) verify a hypothetical inter-upper limb difference in the determinants related to front-crawl at maximal swim speed, and; (2) identify the main predictors responsible for the swim speed achieved during each upper-limb arm-pull. Twenty-two male swimmers of a national junior swim team (15.92 +/- 0.75 years) were recruited. A set of anthropometric, dry-land strength, thrust and speed variables were assessed. Anthropometrics identified a significant difference between dominant and non-dominant upper-limbs (except for the hand surface area). Dry-land strength presented non-significant difference (p<0.05) between the dominant and non-dominant upper-limbs. Overall, thrust and speed variables revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between dominant and non-dominant upper-limbs over a 25 m time-trial in a short-course pool. Swimmers were not prone to maintaining the thrust and speed along the trial where a significant variation was noted (p<0.05). Using multilevel regression, the speed achieved by each upper-limb identified a set of variables, with the peak speed being the strongest predictor (dominant: estimate=0.522, p<0.001; non-dominant: estimate=0.756, p<0.001). Overall, swimmers exhibit significant differences between upper-limbs determinants. The upper-limb noting a higher dry-land strength also presented a higher thrust, and consequently higher speed. Coaches should be aware that sprint swimmers produce significant differences in the speed achieved by each one of their upper-limbs arm-pull.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project was supported by the National Funds through FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDB/DTP/04045/2020).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationMorais, J.E.; Forte, Pedro; Nevill, Alan M.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Marinho, D.A. (2020). Upper-limb kinematics and kinetics imbalances in the determinants of front-crawl swimming at maximal speed in young international level swimmers. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10:1pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-020-68581-3pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/22658
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherNature Researchpt_PT
dc.relationUIDB/DTP/04045/2020pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectAdultpt_PT
dc.subjectAnthropometrypt_PT
dc.subjectControlled studypt_PT
dc.subjectKinematicspt_PT
dc.titleUpper-limb kinematics and kinetics imbalances in the determinants of front-crawl swimming at maximal speed in young international level swimmerspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleScientific Reportspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume10pt_PT
person.familyNameMorais
person.familyNameForte
person.familyNameBarbosa
person.givenNameJ.E.
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameTiago M.
person.identifier867179
person.identifier.ciencia-idAA12-BF58-EE60
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.ciencia-id8B11-BDC4-F6FF
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6885-0648
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7071-2116
person.identifier.scopus-author-id10044856400
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication80b13e62-254d-4d46-ad90-8b509ab523a8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42

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