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Abstract(s)
Ao longo dos séculos, as plantas silvestres têm sido utilizadas por diferentes culturas como recursos medicinais e alimentares dada a sua composição química e nutricional rica em compostos com propriedades funcionais. Nos últimos anos, dada a crescente procura por parte dos consumidores aliada a novas tendências gastronómicas e finalidades industriais, tem havido um aumento de interesse neste tipo de plantas bem como por compostos bioativos extraídos a partir de fontes naturais. A utilização de plantas silvestres na alimentação, nomeadamente de plantas alimentares não convencionais (PANCs), representa uma fonte de subsistência para comunidades rurais, sendo atualmente consideradas uma alternativa sustentável e que permite a diversificação alimentar e o consumo por um número crescente de pessoas. Por isso, diferentes PANCs têm sido alvo de diversos estudos, uma vez que, para algumas espécies, o conhecimento quanto ao seu valor nutricional, químico e à presença de compostos bioativos é ainda escasso. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal contribuir para o conhecimento de duas espécies de ervas daninhas vulgarmente conhecidas como Trapoeraba, Commelina erecta e Commelina benghalensis, com vista ao estímulo da sua inclusão numa dieta saudável e balanceada. Para o efeito foi avaliado o perfil nutricional (proteinas, lipidos, cinza, hidratos de carbono e energia)e químico (açucares livres, ácidos orgânicos, ácidos gordos, tocoferóis e compostos fenólicos) de diferentes partes das espécies referidas (caule, folha e flor) e em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (pré e pós-floração), bem como as propriedades bioativas (atividades antioxidante, citotóxica e antimicrobiana) de diferentes extratos das mesmas.
As trapoerabas apresentaram um interessante perfil nutricional, que se revelou similar ao descrito para PANC’s popularmente consumidas, apresentando os glúcidos como os macronutrientes encontrados em maior quantidade. Foram detetados 4 ácidos orgânicos, 18 ácidos gordos, maioritariamente PUFA, e tendo sido identificado a presença de todas as isoformas de tocoferol. No que respeita o teor de tocoferóis, este foi particularmente elevado na amostra de folha pós-floração de C. benghalensis. Quanto à composição em compostos fenólicos, foram detetados 13 compostos. Entre eles vários derivados de apigenina, composto com potencial bioativo, tendo sido esta a aglicona com maior frequência entre as partes edíveis avaliadas. Ambas as espécies apresentaram resultados promissores no que respeita a avaliação de bioatividades, especialmente para a atividade antimicrobiana, na qual todas as partes avaliadas demonstraram eficácia contra bactérias e fungos, com algumas amostras a revelaram atividade superior aos dois aditivos alimentares testados como controlo positivo. De salientar ainda os resultados de citotoxicidade obtidos para a linha celular de cancro de mama (MCF-7) para o extratos hidroetanólico da flor.
Em suma, os resultados obtidos suportam o uso das trapoerabas em medicina tradicional, bem como das folhas e caules na alimentação. Desta forma, pode ser interessante quer o desenvolvimento de estudos adicionais com vista ao seu possível uso com finalidades conservantes quer a promoção da sua inserção em novos pratos gastronómicos de modo a retirar maior proveito do seu potencial nutricional e bioativo.
Over the centuries, wild plants have been used by different cultures as medicinal and food resources given their chemical and nutritional composition rich in compounds with functional properties. In recent years, given the growing consumer demand coupled with new gastronomic trends and industrial purposes, there has been an increase in interest in this type of plants as well as bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources. The use of wild plants in food, including unconventional food plants (UFPs), represents a source of livelihood for rural communities, is currently considered a sustainable alternative that allows food diversification and consumption by an increasing number of people. Therefore, different UFPs have been the target of several studies, since, for some species, the knowledge about their nutritional value, chemical and the presence of bioactive compounds is still scarce. Thus, the main objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of two weed species commonly known as Trapoeraba, Commelina erecta and Commelina benghalensis, in order to stimulate their inclusion in a healthy and balanced diet. For this purpose, the nutritional profile (proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, ash and energy) and chemical (free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds) of different parts of the referred species (stem, leaf and flower) were evaluated and at different stages of development (pre- and post- flowering), as well as bioactive properties (antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities) of different extracts thereof. The trapoerabas presented an interesting nutritional profile, which was similar to the one described for PANC’s popularly consumed, presenting the sugars as the macronutrients found in greater quantity. Four organic acids, 18 fatty acids, mostly PUFA, were detected and all tocopherol isoforms were identified. As regards the tocopherol content, this was particularly high in the post-flowering leaf sample of C. benghalensis. As for the composition in phenolic compounds, 13 compounds were detected. Among them several apigenin derivatives, a compound with bioactive potential, this was the agglutination with greater frequency between the evaluated edible parts. Both species have shown promising results in the evaluation of bioactivities, especially for antimicrobial activity, where all evaluated parties have demonstrated efficacy against bacteria and fungi, with some samples showed higher activity than the two food additives tested as positive control. The results of cytotoxicity obtained for breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) for hydroethanolic extracts of the flower should also be highlighted. In short, the results obtained support the use of trapoerabas in traditional medicine, as well as leaves and stems in food. In this way, it may be interesting to develop additional studies with a view to its possible use for preservative purposes, or to promote its inclusion in new gastronomic dishes in order to take greater advantage of its nutritional and bioactive potential.
Over the centuries, wild plants have been used by different cultures as medicinal and food resources given their chemical and nutritional composition rich in compounds with functional properties. In recent years, given the growing consumer demand coupled with new gastronomic trends and industrial purposes, there has been an increase in interest in this type of plants as well as bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources. The use of wild plants in food, including unconventional food plants (UFPs), represents a source of livelihood for rural communities, is currently considered a sustainable alternative that allows food diversification and consumption by an increasing number of people. Therefore, different UFPs have been the target of several studies, since, for some species, the knowledge about their nutritional value, chemical and the presence of bioactive compounds is still scarce. Thus, the main objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of two weed species commonly known as Trapoeraba, Commelina erecta and Commelina benghalensis, in order to stimulate their inclusion in a healthy and balanced diet. For this purpose, the nutritional profile (proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, ash and energy) and chemical (free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds) of different parts of the referred species (stem, leaf and flower) were evaluated and at different stages of development (pre- and post- flowering), as well as bioactive properties (antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities) of different extracts thereof. The trapoerabas presented an interesting nutritional profile, which was similar to the one described for PANC’s popularly consumed, presenting the sugars as the macronutrients found in greater quantity. Four organic acids, 18 fatty acids, mostly PUFA, were detected and all tocopherol isoforms were identified. As regards the tocopherol content, this was particularly high in the post-flowering leaf sample of C. benghalensis. As for the composition in phenolic compounds, 13 compounds were detected. Among them several apigenin derivatives, a compound with bioactive potential, this was the agglutination with greater frequency between the evaluated edible parts. Both species have shown promising results in the evaluation of bioactivities, especially for antimicrobial activity, where all evaluated parties have demonstrated efficacy against bacteria and fungi, with some samples showed higher activity than the two food additives tested as positive control. The results of cytotoxicity obtained for breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) for hydroethanolic extracts of the flower should also be highlighted. In short, the results obtained support the use of trapoerabas in traditional medicine, as well as leaves and stems in food. In this way, it may be interesting to develop additional studies with a view to its possible use for preservative purposes, or to promote its inclusion in new gastronomic dishes in order to take greater advantage of its nutritional and bioactive potential.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Commelina erecta Commelina benghalensis Composição nutricional Compostos fenólicos Bioatividade