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Retting of natural fibers for the manufacturing of filaments
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Nos últimos anos, a necessidade imperiosa de mitigar a dependência de polímeros derivados do petróleo, aliada à crescente exigência por materiais ambientalmente sustentáveis, tem fomentado de forma significativa a investigação no domínio dos compósitos biodegradáveis. Entre os biopolímeros disponíveis, o ácido poliláctico (PLA) evidencia-se pela sua proveniência renovável, biodegradabilidade e propriedades mecânicas superiores face a outros polímeros sustentáveis. Contudo, o PLA apresenta limitações intrínsecas, nomeadamente fragilidade e reduzida resistência ao impacto, características que podem ser atenuadas mediante a incorporação de fibras naturais como elementos de reforço.
As fibras lignocelulósicas naturais têm vindo a assumir uma preponderância crescente no setor industrial, devido à sua relação otimizada entre resistência e massa volúmica, elevada biodegradabilidade e impacto ambiental quando comparadas com as fibras sintéticas. Alguns exemplos de fibras naturais muito utilizadas são as do cânhamo e do linho O cânhamo, em particular, distingue-se pela sua robustez estrutural e elevada rigidez, sendo amplamente utilizado nas indústrias automóvel e da construção. O linho, por outro lado, estingue-se pela sua flexibilidade e notável capacidade de absorção a impactos.
O presente estudo visa a investigação, caracterização e otimização da produção de fibras naturais de cânhamo, linho e castanha para a formulação de filamentos destinados à manufatura aditiva, com particular foco na impressão tridimensional. Será realizada uma análise holística das propriedades físicas, químicas e mecânicas dos compósitos obtidos, com o intuito de aferir a viabilidade da substituição de reforços convencionais por fibras naturais. Os resultados do trabalho desta tese contribuirão para o desenvolvimento de soluções compósitas inovadoras, sustentáveis e de elevado desempenho, promovendo alternativas tecnologicamente avançadas e ambientalmente responsáveis em setores industriais estratégicos.
Currently, the persistent need to reduce dependence on petroleum-based polymers, combined with the growing demand for environmentally sustainable materials, has significantly encouraged research into biodegradable composites. Among the available biopolymers, polylactic acid (PLA) stands out for its renewable origin, biodegradability and superior mechanical properties compared to other sustainable polymers. However, PLA has intrinsic limitations, namely instability and reduced impact resistance, characteristics that can be mitigated by incorporating natural fibers as reinforcement elements. Natural lignocellulosic fibers, namely those from hemp, flax and chestnut, have been assuming increasing preponderance in the industrial sector, due to their optimized ratio between strength and density, high biodegradability and low environmental impact when compared to synthetic fibers. Hemp stands out for its structural robustness and superior rigidity and is widely used in the automotive and construction industries. On the other hand, flax present characteristics, such as flexibility and remarkable absorption capacity. The present study aims to investigate and optimize the production of natural fibers from hemp, flax and chestnut for the formulation of filaments intended for additive manufacturing, with a particular focus on three-dimensional printing. A holistic analysis of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the composites obtained will be carried out, with the aim of assessing the feasibility of replacing conventional reinforcements with natural fibers. The results of this work will contribute to the development of innovative, sustainable and high-performance composite solutions, promoting technologically advanced and environmentally responsible alternatives in strategic industrial sectors.
Currently, the persistent need to reduce dependence on petroleum-based polymers, combined with the growing demand for environmentally sustainable materials, has significantly encouraged research into biodegradable composites. Among the available biopolymers, polylactic acid (PLA) stands out for its renewable origin, biodegradability and superior mechanical properties compared to other sustainable polymers. However, PLA has intrinsic limitations, namely instability and reduced impact resistance, characteristics that can be mitigated by incorporating natural fibers as reinforcement elements. Natural lignocellulosic fibers, namely those from hemp, flax and chestnut, have been assuming increasing preponderance in the industrial sector, due to their optimized ratio between strength and density, high biodegradability and low environmental impact when compared to synthetic fibers. Hemp stands out for its structural robustness and superior rigidity and is widely used in the automotive and construction industries. On the other hand, flax present characteristics, such as flexibility and remarkable absorption capacity. The present study aims to investigate and optimize the production of natural fibers from hemp, flax and chestnut for the formulation of filaments intended for additive manufacturing, with a particular focus on three-dimensional printing. A holistic analysis of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the composites obtained will be carried out, with the aim of assessing the feasibility of replacing conventional reinforcements with natural fibers. The results of this work will contribute to the development of innovative, sustainable and high-performance composite solutions, promoting technologically advanced and environmentally responsible alternatives in strategic industrial sectors.
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Keywords
Compósitos biodegradáveis Ácido poliláctio (PLA) Fibras lignocelulósicas Cânhamo Castanha Impressão tridimensional