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An overview of the bioactive compounds, therapeutic properties and toxic effects of apitoxin

2019Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorPascoal, Ananias
dc.contributor.authorEstevinho, Maria Manuela
dc.contributor.authorChoupina, Altino
dc.contributor.authorSousa-Pimenta, Mário
dc.contributor.authorEstevinho, Leticia M.
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-08T15:43:13Z
dc.date.available2020-06-08T15:43:13Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractApitoxin, also known as bee venom (BV), is produced in two specialized abdominal glands of worker bees and is used as a defence weapon of bees’ colony (Choi et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016). In addition, this natural product has been used since the ancient times to relieve pain and to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis, skin conditions and even neurologic disorders (Moreno and Giralt, 2015). This natural product is a light-yellow liquid, characterized by a bitter taste, pungent smell and a pH ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 (Eze et al., 2016; Hossen et al., 2017). Some studies have described that 88% of BV is water, yet its specific composition varies depending on bee’ species and season (Moreno and Giralt, 2015). Indeed, BV has been reported to contain a complex of biologically active compounds among which enzymes (phospholipase A2 [PLA2], lysophospholipase, hyaluronidase, acid phosphomonoesterase; α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and vitellogenin), peptides (melittin [MLT], apamin, mast cell degranulating [MCD], mastocytolytic peptide, scapin, adolapin, minimine; apidaecin; tertiapin; melittin F; cadiopep; procamine A, B, pamine, and proteaseinhibitors), biogenic amines (histamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, norepinephrine, neurotransmitters) and other compounds such as amino acids (γ-aminobutyric acid, α-amino acids), carbohydrates (glucose, fructose), pheromones (Iso-pentyl acetate, n-buttyl acetate, iso-pentanol, n-hexyl acetate, n-octyl acetate, 2-nonanol, n-decyl acetate, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol and (2)-11 –eicosen-1-ol) and minerals (P, Ca and Mg) (Nguyen et al., 2015; Tusiimire et al., 2015; Rady et al., 2017; Moga et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2018). Among these compounds, MLT is the main therapeutic ingredient of BV, representing between 40 and 60% of the dry weight (Abd-Elhakim et al., 2014).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationPascoal, Ananias: Estevinho, Maria Manuela; Choupina, Altino; Sousa-Pimenta, Mário; Estevinho, Leticia M. (2019). An overview of the bioactive compounds, therapeutic properties and toxic effects of apitoxin. Food and Chemical Toxicology. ISSN 0278-6915. 134, p. 1-11pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.fct.2019.110864pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0278-6915
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/22036
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectApitoxinpt_PT
dc.subjectBiological activitypt_PT
dc.subjectMellitinpt_PT
dc.titleAn overview of the bioactive compounds, therapeutic properties and toxic effects of apitoxinpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage11pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleFood and Chemical Toxicologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume134pt_PT
person.familyNamePascoal
person.familyNameChoupina
person.familyNameEstevinho
person.givenNameAnanias
person.givenNameAltino
person.givenNameLetícia M.
person.identifier587972
person.identifier.ciencia-id1A14-77FC-9656
person.identifier.ciencia-idBA14-09D6-A406
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3823-0402
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3956-9398
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9249-1948
person.identifier.ridL-5382-2014
person.identifier.scopus-author-id23486345000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id14051602500
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6506577664
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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