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A tradução de literatura infantil sob a perspetiva da equivalência funcional: um estudo de caso sobre A Fada Oriana e A Menina do Mar
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar, à luz da teoria da equivalência funcional de Eugene A. Nida (1969), as estratégias tradutórias aplicadas nas versões chinesas de A Menina do Mar e A Fada Oriana, obras de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen de reconhecido valor na literatura infantil portuguesa. Partindo do pressuposto de que a tradução de literatura infantil exige não apenas a transferência linguística, mas também a preservação da função comunicativa e estética, procedeu-se a um estudo comparativo e descritivo, com base em exemplos retirados das traduções e cotejados com o texto de partida.
A análise centrou-se em quatro níveis fundamentais — lexical, sintático, textual e estilístico — permitindo observar como os tradutores recorreram a adaptações culturais, simplificações estruturais e recriações expressivas para garantir que o leitor infantil chinês experimentasse um efeito de leitura equivalente ao do leitor de língua portuguesa. Ao nível lexical, destacou-se a substituição de termos culturalmente específicos por equivalentes do imaginário infantil chinês, bem como o uso de reduplicações e expressões idiomáticas para reforçar o ritmo e a musicalidade. No plano sintático, verificou-se a segmentação de períodos longos e a preservação de estruturas repetitivas com valor rítmico. Ao nível textual, manteve-se a macroestrutura narrativa e adaptaram-se conectores temporais a fórmulas tradicionais chinesas. Por fim, ao nível estilístico, foram recriadas imagens poéticas e adaptadas onomatopeias para formas reconhecíveis pelo público-alvo.
Os resultados evidenciam que, nas obras estudadas, a aplicação da equivalência funcional permitiu alcançar um equilíbrio entre acessibilidade e preservação da identidade literária, garantindo a manutenção da função narrativa, estética e emocional do texto de partida. Contudo, reconhece-se que esta abordagem implica decisões que podem reduzir a exposição do leitor infantil a elementos culturais do contexto original. Conclui-se que a equivalência funcional, aplicada com rigor e sensibilidade, constitui um referencial eficaz para orientar a tradução de literatura infantil em contextos de grande distância linguística e cultural.
This dissertation aims to analyse, the translation strategies applied to the Chinese versions of A Menina do Mar and A Fada Oriana, following Eugene A. Nida’s functional equivalence theory. These works, by Portuguese author Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, are recognised as valuable contributions to Portuguese children's literature. Based on the assumption that the translation of children's literature requires not only linguistic transfer but also the preservation of communicative and aesthetic function, a comparative and descriptive study was conducted, based on examples taken from the translations and compared with the original text. The analysis focused on four fundamental levels — lexical, syntactic, textual and stylistic — allowing us to observe how translators resorted to cultural adaptations, structural simplifications and expressive recreations to ensure that Chinese children readers experienced a reading effect equivalent to that of Portuguese-speaking readers. At the lexical level, the replacement of culturally specific terms with equivalents from the Chinese children's imagination stood out, as did the use of reduplications and idiomatic expressions to reinforce rhythm and musicality. At the syntactic level, long sentences were segmented and repetitive structures with rhythmic value were preserved. At the textual level, the narrative macrostructure was maintained and temporal connectors were adapted to traditional Chinese formulas. Finally, at the stylistic level, poetic images were recreated and onomatopoeia was adapted to forms which are recognisable to the target audience. The results show that, in the works studied, the application of functional equivalence allowed a balance to be achieved between accessibility and preservation of literary identity, ensuring that the narrative, aesthetic and emotional function of the source text was maintained. However, it is recognised that this approach involves decisions that may reduce the children readers’ exposure to cultural elements from the original context. It is concluded that functional equivalence, applied with rigour and sensitivity, constitutes an effective reference point for guiding the translation of children's literature in contexts of great linguistic and cultural distance.
This dissertation aims to analyse, the translation strategies applied to the Chinese versions of A Menina do Mar and A Fada Oriana, following Eugene A. Nida’s functional equivalence theory. These works, by Portuguese author Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, are recognised as valuable contributions to Portuguese children's literature. Based on the assumption that the translation of children's literature requires not only linguistic transfer but also the preservation of communicative and aesthetic function, a comparative and descriptive study was conducted, based on examples taken from the translations and compared with the original text. The analysis focused on four fundamental levels — lexical, syntactic, textual and stylistic — allowing us to observe how translators resorted to cultural adaptations, structural simplifications and expressive recreations to ensure that Chinese children readers experienced a reading effect equivalent to that of Portuguese-speaking readers. At the lexical level, the replacement of culturally specific terms with equivalents from the Chinese children's imagination stood out, as did the use of reduplications and idiomatic expressions to reinforce rhythm and musicality. At the syntactic level, long sentences were segmented and repetitive structures with rhythmic value were preserved. At the textual level, the narrative macrostructure was maintained and temporal connectors were adapted to traditional Chinese formulas. Finally, at the stylistic level, poetic images were recreated and onomatopoeia was adapted to forms which are recognisable to the target audience. The results show that, in the works studied, the application of functional equivalence allowed a balance to be achieved between accessibility and preservation of literary identity, ensuring that the narrative, aesthetic and emotional function of the source text was maintained. However, it is recognised that this approach involves decisions that may reduce the children readers’ exposure to cultural elements from the original context. It is concluded that functional equivalence, applied with rigour and sensitivity, constitutes an effective reference point for guiding the translation of children's literature in contexts of great linguistic and cultural distance.
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Keywords
Tradução de literatura infantil Equivalência funcional Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen A Menina do Mar A Fada Oriana Tradução português-chinês