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A mosca-da-azeitona, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790), trata-se de uma pragachave
da oliveira em toda a região mediterrânica, que representa um dos inimigos mais
importantes na região de Trás-os-Montes. Aos prejuízos diretos devidos à queda
prematura de frutos e consumo de parte da polpa, associam-se ainda, prejuízos indiretos
relacionados com redução da qualidade do azeite. A realização deste trabalho consiste na
avaliação de diferentes tratamentos contra a praga, alternativos à luta química. Neste
contexto, instalou-se um ensaio a 16 de agosto de 2017 destinado a avaliar a eficácia e o
impacto na entomofauna do olival resultante da aplicação de caulino a 5%, repelente de
insetos (IR 3535) a 0,6% e repelente (IR 3535) a 0,3% + inseticida (deltametrina) a 125
ml/ha. Para avaliar o efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre a praga, efetuaram-se
amostragens de frutos, com uma periodicidade de 10 dias entre 16/08/2017 e 23/10/2017.
No laboratório, foi registada a presença de picadas e de estados imaturos da praga, bem
como de orifícios de saída das larvas. O impacto dos meios de luta experimentados sobre
entomofauna avaliou-se através da técnica das pancadas efetuada 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias (T0,
T10, T20, T30) após o tratamento, assim como 30 dias (T60) após a 2ª aplicação de
caulino, realizada a 6 de setembro. Os artrópodes recolhidos foram identificados até à
ordem, família, género ou espécie e contabilizado o número de predadores e parasitoides.
Os resultados obtidos mostram diferenças significativas na intensidade de ataque entre
tratamentos, nas amostragens realizadas 40, 60 e 70 dias após a aplicação. Verificou-se
ainda, que as parcelas tratadas com repelente e caulino registam menor intensidade de
ataque da praga comparativamente às restantes modalidades, para todos os tempos de
amostragem avaliados. Por outro lado, os resultados obtidos mostram, o reduzido impacto
dos diferentes tratamentos sobre a entomofauna e em particular sobre a fauna auxiliar
(predadores e parasitoides). Apenas se observaram diferenças significativas entre
tratamentos para os predadores e aranhas na amostragem efetuada imediatamente a seguir
ao tratamento e, no “Total Hymenoptera” (T60) e “outros” (T10 e T60). Nas restantes
datas de amostragem, não se verificaram diferenças significativas, entre tratamentos, quer
no número total de artrópodes, quer no número de predadores e parasitoides. Concluindo,
de acordo com os resultados, a aplicação de repelente IR 3535 e caulino parece ser uma
opção mais interessante no controlo do ataque da mosca-da-azeitona.
The olive-fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi 1790), is considered the key pest of the olive tree in the entire Mediterranean region, being also considered one of the most important enemies of the culture in Trás-os-Montes region. This pest produces direct losses due to the premature fruits fall and to the pulp consumption and indirect losses related to the olive oil quality reduction. Thus, the aim of the present work was to improve the knowledge about alternative non-chemical methods to control this pest. In this context, on 16 August 2017 an experiment was set up in order to assess the effectiveness and the effect on the olive grove entomofauna of the following applications: 5% kaolin, insect repellent IR 3535 (0,6%) and repellent IR 3535 (0.3%) + insecticide deltamethrin (125 ml/ha). In order to evaluate the effect of the different treatments on the pest, samples of fruits were carried out each 10 days between 08/16/2017 and 10/23/2017. In the laboratory, stings presence, pest immature stages and larvae exit holes were recorded. The effect of the evaluated pest control methods on the entomofauna was analyzed using the beating technique 0, 10, 20 and 30 days (T0, T10, T20, T30) after each treatment, as well as 30 days (T60) after the second application of kaolin, performed on September 6. The collected arthropod were identified to order, family, genus or species and the numbers of predators and parasitoids were recorded. The attack intensity showed significant differences between treatments in the samplings performed 40, 60 and 70 days after the application. Additionally, the plots treated with repellent and kaolin had a lower attack intensity compared to the other treatments for all evaluated sampling times. On the other hand, the results showed a low impact of the different treatments on the entomofauna and, in particular, on the auxiliary fauna (predators and parasitoids). Significant differences were only observed between treatments for predators and Araneae order in the sampling performed immediately after treatments application and in, the “total Hymenoptera” (T60) and "others" (T10 and T60). The other sampling dates did not show significant differences between treatments, neither in the insect total numbers nor in predators or parasitoids numbers. Concluding, according to these results, the repellent IR 3535 and kaolin application seems to be an interesting option for the olive fly control.
The olive-fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi 1790), is considered the key pest of the olive tree in the entire Mediterranean region, being also considered one of the most important enemies of the culture in Trás-os-Montes region. This pest produces direct losses due to the premature fruits fall and to the pulp consumption and indirect losses related to the olive oil quality reduction. Thus, the aim of the present work was to improve the knowledge about alternative non-chemical methods to control this pest. In this context, on 16 August 2017 an experiment was set up in order to assess the effectiveness and the effect on the olive grove entomofauna of the following applications: 5% kaolin, insect repellent IR 3535 (0,6%) and repellent IR 3535 (0.3%) + insecticide deltamethrin (125 ml/ha). In order to evaluate the effect of the different treatments on the pest, samples of fruits were carried out each 10 days between 08/16/2017 and 10/23/2017. In the laboratory, stings presence, pest immature stages and larvae exit holes were recorded. The effect of the evaluated pest control methods on the entomofauna was analyzed using the beating technique 0, 10, 20 and 30 days (T0, T10, T20, T30) after each treatment, as well as 30 days (T60) after the second application of kaolin, performed on September 6. The collected arthropod were identified to order, family, genus or species and the numbers of predators and parasitoids were recorded. The attack intensity showed significant differences between treatments in the samplings performed 40, 60 and 70 days after the application. Additionally, the plots treated with repellent and kaolin had a lower attack intensity compared to the other treatments for all evaluated sampling times. On the other hand, the results showed a low impact of the different treatments on the entomofauna and, in particular, on the auxiliary fauna (predators and parasitoids). Significant differences were only observed between treatments for predators and Araneae order in the sampling performed immediately after treatments application and in, the “total Hymenoptera” (T60) and "others" (T10 and T60). The other sampling dates did not show significant differences between treatments, neither in the insect total numbers nor in predators or parasitoids numbers. Concluding, according to these results, the repellent IR 3535 and kaolin application seems to be an interesting option for the olive fly control.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Intensidade de ataque Proteção contra a mosca-da-azeitona Combate Pragas