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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As abelhas sĂŁo insetos que, apesar de serem muito pacĂficos, atacam quando se sentem ameaçadas para proteger a colmeia. Assim, surgiu a ideia de fazer um estudo sobre a audição das abelhas com o objetivo de encontrar a banda de frequĂȘncia a que sĂŁo mais sensĂveis. Este conhecimento pode ser importante para identificar uma frequĂȘncia ou um som capaz de as repelir.
Portanto, neste trabalho Ă© apresentado uma sĂ©rie de experiĂȘncias realizadas em laboratĂłrio onde as abelhas (Apis mellifera) teriam de fazer a escolha de entrar para uma caixa onde estava a ser reproduzido um som ou para outra caixa sem som. Previamente as abelhas foram condicionadas a irem para a caixa com som que continha alimento para associarem o som Ă presença de comida. Para isso foi construĂdo um sistema de caixas para as manter. Todas as reaçÔes espontĂąneas foram observadas e registadas para ser feita uma anĂĄlise de todas as experiĂȘncias.
Aos dados obtidos de todas as experiĂȘncias foi aplicado um tratamento estatĂstico onde foi utilizado um teste de Wilcoxon. Depois de analisados foi concluĂdo que as experiĂȘncias necessitavam de ter um maior nĂșmero de repetiçÔes. Com as repetiçÔes feitas nĂŁo foi possĂvel perceber todas as frequĂȘncias que as abelhas conseguem detetar, embora possam servir como indicadores que sim. Ă frequĂȘncia de 200 Hz foi obtido um resultado Ăłtimo, tendo sido constatado que Ă© uma frequĂȘncia que as abelhas detetam.
Foram tambĂ©m realizadas experiĂȘncias usando o som de trĂȘs predadores das abelhas, o zangĂŁo, a andorinha e a vespa asiĂĄtica. Para o zangĂŁo os resultados nĂŁo tiveram qualquer significĂąncia estatĂstica, pelo que nĂŁo foi possĂvel retirar conclusĂ”es. Com os resultados da andorinha e da vespa asiĂĄtica verificou-se que as abelhas nĂŁo fogem na presença destes sons, mas que se movem na direção deste, aparentemente como forma de defesa da colmeia.
Bees are insects that, although very peaceful, attack when they feel threatened to protect the hive. So, the idea to do a study on bees hearing thresholds came up, to find out which frequency range they are most sensitive. This knowledge can be important to try and identify a frequency or a sound that repels them. Therefore, here we present a series of laboratory experiments where the bees (Apis mellifera) would have to make the choice to enter a box where a sound was being played or another box without sound. The group of bees used in the experiments were previously conditioned to go to the box with sound that contained food in order for them to associate the sound to the presence of food. For this, a system of boxes was built to maintain them. All spontaneous reactions were observed and recorded for the analysis of all experiments. After having the results from all the experiments, a statistical treatment was applied where a Wilcoxon test was used. After being analyzed, it was concluded that the experiments needed a bigger number of replications. With the repetitions that were realized, it was not possible to observe all the frequencies that bees can detect, although the results serve as an indicator that they do. At the frequency of 200 Hz an optimum result was obtained and it was verified that it is a frequency that the bees detect. There were also conducted experiments using the sound of three beeâs predators, the drone, the swallow and the asian wasp. For the drone, the results were not statistically significant, so it was not possible to draw any conclusions. With the results of the swallow and the asian wasp, it was verified that bees do not flee in the presence of these sounds, but that they go towards them.
Bees are insects that, although very peaceful, attack when they feel threatened to protect the hive. So, the idea to do a study on bees hearing thresholds came up, to find out which frequency range they are most sensitive. This knowledge can be important to try and identify a frequency or a sound that repels them. Therefore, here we present a series of laboratory experiments where the bees (Apis mellifera) would have to make the choice to enter a box where a sound was being played or another box without sound. The group of bees used in the experiments were previously conditioned to go to the box with sound that contained food in order for them to associate the sound to the presence of food. For this, a system of boxes was built to maintain them. All spontaneous reactions were observed and recorded for the analysis of all experiments. After having the results from all the experiments, a statistical treatment was applied where a Wilcoxon test was used. After being analyzed, it was concluded that the experiments needed a bigger number of replications. With the repetitions that were realized, it was not possible to observe all the frequencies that bees can detect, although the results serve as an indicator that they do. At the frequency of 200 Hz an optimum result was obtained and it was verified that it is a frequency that the bees detect. There were also conducted experiments using the sound of three beeâs predators, the drone, the swallow and the asian wasp. For the drone, the results were not statistically significant, so it was not possible to draw any conclusions. With the results of the swallow and the asian wasp, it was verified that bees do not flee in the presence of these sounds, but that they go towards them.
Description
Keywords
FrequĂȘncia Abelhas Som Predadores