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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos assistiu-se ao aumento do número de tecnologias assistidas que os Museus
utilizam para envolver o visitante de um modo completamente novo. As tecnologias de
informação e comunicação oferecem novas oportunidades para envolver o visitante no ambiente
museológico, seja dentro ou fora de portas, adotando experiências culturais interativas, com o
intuito de serem acessíveis a todos os visitantes.
A presente dissertação tem como questão de partida: Os museus estão preparados para acolher
um visitante digital? O visitante digital de um museu, não é apenas aquele que está atrás do
computador, mas todo aquele que utiliza outras ferramentas digitais para o aceder e entender.
Os museus devem adotar e desenvolver mecanismos que promovam a acessibilidade intelectual
e que adaptem a sua comunicação aos seus mais diversos visitantes, para que a interação
prevaleça.
Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a identificação e análise de
ferramentas digitais e técnicas de comunicação utilizadas pelos museus, em ambiente web e in
loco, que promovem a Acessibilidade Digital. Na primeira fase, para a análise dos websites dos
museus, foi criada uma matriz de variáveis que define a Acessibilidade Digital, em função das
ferramentas digitais e técnicas de comunicação identificadas na revisão de literatura. Da análise
resultou uma matriz que define Acessibilidade em três dimensões: Visibilidade, Usabilidade e
Interatividade. Para cada uma destas dimensões foram identificadas variáveis (no total de 28
variáveis), possíveis de observar e testar, por forma a serem consideradas ativas nos websites
dos museus. Numa segunda fase, aplicou-se um questionário online a todos os museus da
amostra com o propósito de recolher informação complementar e obtiveram-se 22 respostas. Os
resultados obtidos na análise dos websites são abaixo do expectável, pois em nenhum dos
websites foram identificadas a totalidade das variáveis referenciadas. Existem museus com
percentagens inferiores a 10%, tendo apenas um museu com percentagem superior a 50%. Da
análise dos questionários, percebe-se que existe uma maior preocupação com a diversidade dos
visitantes, devido à conjugação de técnicas de comunicação multiformato com
equipamentos/ferramentas digitais.
Recent years have seen an increase in the number of assistive technologies that Museums use to engage visitors in a completely new way. Information and communication technologies offer new opportunities to involve visitors in the museum environment, whether indoors or outdoors, adopting interactive cultural experiences, with the aim of being accessible to all visitors. The starting question of this dissertation is: Are museums prepared to welcome a digital visitor? The digital visitor to a museum is not just the one behind the computer, but anyone who uses other digital tools to access and understand it. Museums must adopt and develop mechanisms that promote intellectual accessibility and adapt their communication to their most diverse visitors, so that interaction prevails. In this sense, the main objective of this research was to identify and analyze digital tools and communication techniques used by museums, in a web and on-site environment, that promote Digital Accessibility. In the first phase, for the analysis of museum websites, a matrix of variables was created that defines Digital Accessibility, depending on the digital tools and communication techniques identified in the literature review. The analysis resulted in a matrix that defines Accessibility in three dimensions: Visibility, Usability and Interactivity. For each of these dimensions, variables were identified (a total of 28 variables), possible to observe and test, in order to be considered active on museum websites. In a second phase, an online questionnaire was applied to all museums in the sample with the purpose of collecting additional information and 22 responses were obtained. The results obtained in the analysis of the websites are below expectations, as none of the websites identified all of the referenced variables. There are museums with percentages lower than 10%, with only one museum with a percentage higher than 50%. From the analysis of the questionnaires, it is clear that there is a greater concern with the diversity of visitors, due to the combination of multi-format communication techniques with digital equipment/tools.
Recent years have seen an increase in the number of assistive technologies that Museums use to engage visitors in a completely new way. Information and communication technologies offer new opportunities to involve visitors in the museum environment, whether indoors or outdoors, adopting interactive cultural experiences, with the aim of being accessible to all visitors. The starting question of this dissertation is: Are museums prepared to welcome a digital visitor? The digital visitor to a museum is not just the one behind the computer, but anyone who uses other digital tools to access and understand it. Museums must adopt and develop mechanisms that promote intellectual accessibility and adapt their communication to their most diverse visitors, so that interaction prevails. In this sense, the main objective of this research was to identify and analyze digital tools and communication techniques used by museums, in a web and on-site environment, that promote Digital Accessibility. In the first phase, for the analysis of museum websites, a matrix of variables was created that defines Digital Accessibility, depending on the digital tools and communication techniques identified in the literature review. The analysis resulted in a matrix that defines Accessibility in three dimensions: Visibility, Usability and Interactivity. For each of these dimensions, variables were identified (a total of 28 variables), possible to observe and test, in order to be considered active on museum websites. In a second phase, an online questionnaire was applied to all museums in the sample with the purpose of collecting additional information and 22 responses were obtained. The results obtained in the analysis of the websites are below expectations, as none of the websites identified all of the referenced variables. There are museums with percentages lower than 10%, with only one museum with a percentage higher than 50%. From the analysis of the questionnaires, it is clear that there is a greater concern with the diversity of visitors, due to the combination of multi-format communication techniques with digital equipment/tools.
Description
Keywords
Museu Acessibilidade Comunicação Ferramentas digitais