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Objetivo: verificar os efeitos da ordem de exercitação do treino multicomponente (TMC) na composição corporal (CC), na força isométrica (FI) e aptidão funcional (ApF) em idosas. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 91 idosas divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos: (i) grupo de controlo (GC; n=29; 69,84±5,95 anos) sem prática de exercício físico; (ii) grupo de TMC A (GA; n= 30; 69,46±5,63 anos) - aquecimento, seguido de treino aeróbio, treino de força e relaxamento; (iii) grupo de treino TMC B (GB; n=32; 70,29±5,28anos) - aquecimento, seguido de treino de força, treino aeróbio e relaxamento. Foi avaliada a CC: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Metabolismo Basal (MB); Água (H2O) Massa Magra (MM), Massa Gorda (MG), Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO) e Gordura Visceral (GV) (Tanita, Illinois, USA®); a ApF (Functional Fitness Test®); a FI da extensão do joelho (EJ), flexão do joelho (FJ) e flexão do cotovelo (FC) (dinamómetro Globos®); e a força de preensão manual M dinam metro amar ®). As avaliações foram feitas no início, após 16 semanas e após 32 semanas. Fez-se uma análise estatística em testes paramétricos: Anova a um fator para comparação entre grupos e Anova a medidas repetidas e/ou testes não paramétricos: Kruskal-Wallis (alternativo a Anova a um fator) e Friedman (alternativo a Anova a medidas repetidas). Resultados: Na CC houve diferenças significativas no MB entre o GA e GB (Z=-3,578; p=0,000), e entre o GB e GC (Z=-2,570; p=0,001); GV entre o GA e GB (Z=-3,169; p=0,006); DMO entre GA e GB (Z=-3254; p=0,006); MM entre GA e GB (Z=-2,804; p=0,015) a MG entre o GA e GC (Z=-2,497; p=0,024). Na FI verificaram-se diferenças significativas na EJ entre o GA e GC (Z=-3,419; p=0,002) e entre o GB e GC (Z=-2,490; p=0,002); FJ entre o GA e GC (Z=-4,394;p=0,000) e entre o GB e GC (Z=-2,827;p=0,002); FC entre o GA e GB (Z=-3,438;p=0,000) e GA e GC (Z=-4,819;p=0,000); PM entre o GA e GB (Z=-2,796;p=0,004) e GA e GC (Z=-2,945;p=0,004). Na ApF verificaram-se, igualmente, diferenças significativas no Seat and reach entre o GB e GC (Z=-3,266; p=0,000; =11,3% ; Time Up and Go entre o GB e GC χ =-3,777; p=0,000; r=13,0%) e GA e GC (ET=-4,297; p=0,000; r=14,8%); no Chair stand entre o GC e GA (p=0,014) e o GC e GB (p=0,002). Conclusão: o presente estudo sugere que o TMC apresenta, em geral, resultados significativos na CC, aumento da FI e melhorias na ApF, quando estruturado da seguinte forma: aquecimento, treino aeróbio, treino de força e relaxamento.
Objective: to verify the effects of the exercise order of multicomponent training (MCT) on body composition (BC), isometric strength (IS), and functional fitness (FF) in elderly women. Methods: The sample consisted of 91 elderly women, randomly divided into three groups: (i) control group (GC; n=29, mean age=69.84±5.95 years) without physical exercise; (ii) MCT group A (GA; n=30, mean age=69.46±5.63 years) warming up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation, and (iii) MCT group B (GB; n=32, mean age=70.29±5.28 years) warming up, followed by strength training, aerobic training and relaxation. BC was assessed: the Body Mass Index (BMI), Lean body Mass (LBM), Fat Mass (FM), Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Visceral Fat (VF) (Tanita, Illinois, USA®); the FF (Functional Fitness Test®); the IS of knee extension (KE), knee flexion (KF), elbow flexion (EF) (Globos® dynamometer); handgrip strength (HS) (Jamar® dynamometer). Assessments were made at the beginning, after 16 weeks, and after 32 weeks. A statistical analysis was performed in parametric tests: One-way Anova for comparison between groups, and Anova to repeated measures and/or non-parametric tests: Kruskal-Wallis (alternative to one-way Anova) and Friedman (alternative to Anova to repeated measures). Results: In BC, there were significant differences in BM between GA and GB (Z=-3,578; p=0,000), and between the GB and GC (Z=-2,570; p=0,001); VF between GA and GB (Z=-3,169; p=0,006); BMD between GA and GB (Z=-3254; p=0,006); LBM between GA and GB(Z=-2,804; p=0,015) the FM between the GA and GC (Z=-2,497; p=0,024). In IS there were significant differences in KE between GA and GC (Z=-3,419; p=0,002) and between the GB and GC (Z=-2,490; p=0,002); KF between GA and GC (Z=-4,394;p=0,000)and between the GB and GC (Z=-2,827;p=0,002); EF between GA and GB (Z=-3,438;p=0,000) and GA and GC (Z=-4,819;p=0,000); handgrip between the GA and GB (Z=-2,796;p=0,004) and GA and GC (Z=-2,945;p=0,004). In FF, there were also significant differences in Seat and reach between GB and GC (Z=-3,266; p=0,000; =11,3%); Time Up and Go between GB and GC (χ =-3,777; p=0,000; r=13,0%) and GA and GC (ET=-4,297; p=0,000; r=14,8%); on the Chair stand between the GC and GA (p=0,014) and the GC and GB (p=0,002). Conclusion: The present study suggests that MCT generally presents significant results in BC, increased IS and improvements in FF, when structured as follows: warming up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation.
Objective: to verify the effects of the exercise order of multicomponent training (MCT) on body composition (BC), isometric strength (IS), and functional fitness (FF) in elderly women. Methods: The sample consisted of 91 elderly women, randomly divided into three groups: (i) control group (GC; n=29, mean age=69.84±5.95 years) without physical exercise; (ii) MCT group A (GA; n=30, mean age=69.46±5.63 years) warming up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation, and (iii) MCT group B (GB; n=32, mean age=70.29±5.28 years) warming up, followed by strength training, aerobic training and relaxation. BC was assessed: the Body Mass Index (BMI), Lean body Mass (LBM), Fat Mass (FM), Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Visceral Fat (VF) (Tanita, Illinois, USA®); the FF (Functional Fitness Test®); the IS of knee extension (KE), knee flexion (KF), elbow flexion (EF) (Globos® dynamometer); handgrip strength (HS) (Jamar® dynamometer). Assessments were made at the beginning, after 16 weeks, and after 32 weeks. A statistical analysis was performed in parametric tests: One-way Anova for comparison between groups, and Anova to repeated measures and/or non-parametric tests: Kruskal-Wallis (alternative to one-way Anova) and Friedman (alternative to Anova to repeated measures). Results: In BC, there were significant differences in BM between GA and GB (Z=-3,578; p=0,000), and between the GB and GC (Z=-2,570; p=0,001); VF between GA and GB (Z=-3,169; p=0,006); BMD between GA and GB (Z=-3254; p=0,006); LBM between GA and GB(Z=-2,804; p=0,015) the FM between the GA and GC (Z=-2,497; p=0,024). In IS there were significant differences in KE between GA and GC (Z=-3,419; p=0,002) and between the GB and GC (Z=-2,490; p=0,002); KF between GA and GC (Z=-4,394;p=0,000)and between the GB and GC (Z=-2,827;p=0,002); EF between GA and GB (Z=-3,438;p=0,000) and GA and GC (Z=-4,819;p=0,000); handgrip between the GA and GB (Z=-2,796;p=0,004) and GA and GC (Z=-2,945;p=0,004). In FF, there were also significant differences in Seat and reach between GB and GC (Z=-3,266; p=0,000; =11,3%); Time Up and Go between GB and GC (χ =-3,777; p=0,000; r=13,0%) and GA and GC (ET=-4,297; p=0,000; r=14,8%); on the Chair stand between the GC and GA (p=0,014) and the GC and GB (p=0,002). Conclusion: The present study suggests that MCT generally presents significant results in BC, increased IS and improvements in FF, when structured as follows: warming up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation.
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Keywords
Envelhecimento Exercício físico Força muscular Treino multicomponente