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Associations Between Hydration, Sodium Intake, and Body Mass in Ultra-Endurance Trail Runners Under Ecological Race Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Field Study

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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorAmorim, Rafael Mendes
dc.contributor.authorGuilherme, Larissa Quintão
dc.contributor.authorFilgueiras, Mariana de Santis
dc.contributor.authorSaborosa, Guilherme Pereira
dc.contributor.authorPires, Gabrielle Ferreira
dc.contributor.authorNeumann, Nathan de Oliveira
dc.contributor.authorScheer, Volker
dc.contributor.authorLeite, Luciano Bernardes
dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorMalheiro, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorQuaresma, Marcus Vinicius Lucio dos Santos
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Helton de Sá
dc.contributor.authorKravchychyn, Ana Claudia Pelissari
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-28T11:05:34Z
dc.date.available2026-05-28T11:05:34Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractHydration and electrolyte strategies are critical in mountain ultra-endurance events, yet field-based evidence from trail races remains limited. This study examined the relationship between fluid intake, sodium consumption, and body mass changes in trail runners competing under real environmental conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional field study was conducted during La Misi & oacute;n Brasil 2024. Athletes of both sexes competing in the endurance race (35 km; EG: n = 15; age = 37.0 [29.5-46.0] years; 12 men and 3 women) and the ultra-endurance race (80 km; UEG: n = 13; age = 42.0 [37.0-46.0] years; 11 men and 2 women) were included in the study. Pre- and post-race body mass were assessed, and in-race fluid and food intake were collected using an adapted 24-h dietary recall. Water and sodium intake were expressed as total (L and mg, respectively) and per-hour (mL/h and mg/h, respectively) values. Environmental temperature and humidity were obtained from a local weather station. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and associations were examined with Spearman's correlation (p < 0.05). Results: EG (n = 15) and UEG (n = 13) showed similar absolute and relative body mass changes (2.6% to -3.0%; p > 0.05). EG runners presented greater weight loss rate (-270 vs. -115 g/h; p = 0.002), while UEG consumed higher total water (7.11 vs. 4.14 L; p = 0.008) and sodium (5789 vs. 2857 mg; p = 0.003). Water intake per hour was higher in EG (626 vs. 427 mL/h; p = 0.017). Body Mass Index was negatively correlated with hourly weight loss (r = -0.605; p < 0.001). Water and sodium intake per hour were positively correlated (r = 0.607; p < 0.001), though neither predicted hourly weight loss. Conclusions: Hydration responses may differ according to environmental stress and pacing demands. Changes in body mass may not necessarily reflect hydration adequacy, suggesting a possible multifactorial nature of hydroelectrolyte balance during mountain endurance events.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Brazil, under grant number APQ-02146-22.
dc.identifier.citationAmorim, Rafael Mendes; Guilherme, Larissa Quintão; Filgueiras, Mariana de Santis; Saborosa, Guilherme Pereira; Pires, Gabrielle Ferreira; Neumann, Nathan de Oliveira; Scheer, Volker; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Malheiro, Alexandra; Quaresma, Marcus Vinicius Lucio dos Santos; Souza, Helton de Sá; Kravchychyn, Ana Claudia Pelissari (2026). Associations Between Hydration, Sodium Intake, and Body Mass in Ultra-Endurance Trail Runners Under Ecological Race Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Field Study. Physiologia. ISSN 2673-9488. 6:1, p. 1-12
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/physiologia6010021
dc.identifier.issn2673-9488
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/36791
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofPhysiologia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectTrail running
dc.subjectUltramarathon
dc.subjectHydration
dc.subjectSodium intake
dc.subjectBody mass change
dc.subjectEnvironmental heat stress
dc.titleAssociations Between Hydration, Sodium Intake, and Body Mass in Ultra-Endurance Trail Runners Under Ecological Race Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Field Studyeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage12
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titlePhysiologia
oaire.citation.volume6
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameForte
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0

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