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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A utilização de tecnologias para extração de energia por fontes renováveis tem sido am-plamente desenvolvida ao longo dos tempos e algumas delas encontram-se consolidadas, tais como as hidrelétricas e aerogeradores. Por outro lado, ainda existem áreas com muito a desenvolver e que apresentam grande potencial. Uma delas é a energia das marés que, por meio de turbinas hidráulicas, aproveita a energia cinética contida na corrente marí-tima. Ainda que a geração de energia em larga escala por intermédio dessa tecnologia esteja em fases de protótipos, é possível utilizá-la para gerar energia em locais remotos e suprir a alimentação de dispositivos. Pensando nisso, o presente trabalho apresenta um método iterativo baseado na Teoria do Momento do Elemento de Pá para calcular os ele-mentos de uma pá em uma miniturbina de corrente marítima de eixo horizontal, a fim de otimizar sua geometria e permitir maior aproveitamento de potência. Após a criação do código no software Wolfram Mathematica, desenvolveu-se dois hélices diferentes, onde o primeiro apresenta uma resolução sem, e o segundo com o método iterativo. Através dos resultados obtidos nos códigos, fez-se a modelagem no software SolidWorks levando-se em conta a otimização de corda das pás, tornando possível a impressão 3D e depois a comparação experimental. Os resultados dos ensaios experimentais mostram que a otimi-zação de corda permite que o hélice tenha melhor desempenho sob as mesmas condições, o que resulta em melhor rendimento e maior extração de potência. Para complementar o trabalho, foi projetado um novo hélice com um número diferente de pás. Fez-se um estudo teórico para comparar o desempenho do hélice ao incluir no código as correções para efeito de perda nas pontas e cubo do rotor, frente a não inclusão destes. Os resultados permitem concluir que a inclusão da correção de perdas leva a resultados mais próximos as condições reais e de projeto.
The use of technologies to extract energy from renewable sources has been widely deve-loped over time and some of them are consolidated, such as hydroelectric and wind tur-bines. On the other hand, there are still many areas with a lot to develop and which have great potential. One of them is the tidal energy, which extract energy through hydraulic turbines by taking advantage of the kinetic energy contained in the sea current. Although the large-scale generation of energy through this technology are in prototype phases, it is possible to use it to generate energy in remote locations and supply devices. With this in mind, the present work shows an iterative method based on Blade Element Momentum Theory to calculate the blade elements in a horizontal-axis tidal mini-turbine, in order to optimize its geometry and allow greater use of power. After creating the Wolfram Ma-thematica’s code, two differents propellers were developed, where the first has a resolu-tion without, and the second with the iterative method. Through the results obtained by the codes, the modeling was done in SolidWorks’ software taking into account the chord optimization of the blades, making possible the 3D print and experimental comparison. The results of the experimental tests shows that the chord optimization allows the propel-ler to have better perfomance under the same conditions, which leads to better efficient and greater power extraction. To complement the work, a new propeller with a different number of blades is designed. A theoretical study was carried out to compare the perfor-mance of the propeller when including tip and hub losses to the code, and when they are not included. The results allow us to conclude that the inclusion of these losses correction leads to results closer to the real and design conditions.
The use of technologies to extract energy from renewable sources has been widely deve-loped over time and some of them are consolidated, such as hydroelectric and wind tur-bines. On the other hand, there are still many areas with a lot to develop and which have great potential. One of them is the tidal energy, which extract energy through hydraulic turbines by taking advantage of the kinetic energy contained in the sea current. Although the large-scale generation of energy through this technology are in prototype phases, it is possible to use it to generate energy in remote locations and supply devices. With this in mind, the present work shows an iterative method based on Blade Element Momentum Theory to calculate the blade elements in a horizontal-axis tidal mini-turbine, in order to optimize its geometry and allow greater use of power. After creating the Wolfram Ma-thematica’s code, two differents propellers were developed, where the first has a resolu-tion without, and the second with the iterative method. Through the results obtained by the codes, the modeling was done in SolidWorks’ software taking into account the chord optimization of the blades, making possible the 3D print and experimental comparison. The results of the experimental tests shows that the chord optimization allows the propel-ler to have better perfomance under the same conditions, which leads to better efficient and greater power extraction. To complement the work, a new propeller with a different number of blades is designed. A theoretical study was carried out to compare the perfor-mance of the propeller when including tip and hub losses to the code, and when they are not included. The results allow us to conclude that the inclusion of these losses correction leads to results closer to the real and design conditions.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca - CEFET/RJ
Keywords
Energia das marés Turbinas Otimização Elemento de pá