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Identifying Optimal Pitch Training Load in Elite Soccer Players

2025-06-04Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Medicina Clínica
datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorTitton, Adriano
dc.contributor.authorFrança, Elias de
dc.contributor.authorBranquinho, Luís
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Luís Fernando Leite
dc.contributor.authorCampos, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorMarques, Felipe O.
dc.contributor.authorGlória, Igor Phillip dos Santos
dc.contributor.authorCaperuto, Erico Chagas
dc.contributor.authorHirota, Vinicius Barroso
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, José Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorValente, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorFerraz, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorThomatieli-Santos, Ronaldo Vagner
dc.contributor.authorTeoldo, Israel
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-07T11:07:55Z
dc.date.available2025-10-07T11:07:55Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-04
dc.description.abstractThere are no data in the literature regarding the optimal pitch training load (PTL) for elite soccer teams during congested seasons. This study had three goals: (1) identify whether there is an adaptation in match physical performance (MPP) in response to PTL throughout a congested season in elite soccer players; (2) identify whether MPP adaptation is specific to the coach’s PTL philosophy; and (3) identify the optimal PTL for MPP during a congested season. Over two seasons, we collected data from 11,658 PTL sessions and 3068 MPP data from 54 elite male soccer players. The PTL sessions were clustered in weekly training blocks and paired with MPP for statistical and machine learning analysis. Over the season, MPP increased in the mid-season and this trend decreased during the end-season. Also, MPP reflected the coach’s PTL philosophy. Further, using a machine learning (k-means) approach, we identified three different PTLs (and classified them as low-, medium-, and high-load PTL blocks). The high-load PTL block was associated with a higher MPP, while the lower PTL was associated with a lower MPP. PTL is closely related to MPP, and this change also reflects the coach’s PTL philosophy. Here, we report an optimal PTL that could be useful for soccer teams playing a congested season.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by national funding through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under projects UID/CED/04748/2020 and UID04045/2020, as well as the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP—grant number: 2021/03601-1).
dc.identifier.citationTitton, Adriano; França, Elias de; Branquinho, Luís; Barros, Luís Fernando Leite; Campos, Pedro; Marques, Felipe O.; Glória, Igor Phillip dos Santos; Caperuto, Erico Chagas; Hirota, Vinicius Barroso; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Valente, Nelson; Forte, Pedro; Ferraz, Ricardo; Thomatieli-Santos, Ronaldo Vagner; Teoldo, Israel (2025). Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. ISSN 2411-5142. 10:2, p. 1-14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jfmk10020211
dc.identifier.issn2411-5142
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34790
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationLife Quality Research Centre
dc.relationResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectMachine learning
dc.subjectElite soccer player
dc.subjectMatch physical performance
dc.subjectTraining load
dc.titleIdentifying Optimal Pitch Training Load in Elite Soccer Playerseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleLife Quality Research Centre
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04748%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04045%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage14
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
oaire.citation.volume10
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameTeixeira
person.familyNameForte
person.givenNameJosé Eduardo
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier.ciencia-idD11C-9591-7A8A
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4612-3623
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
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