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Efeito do ácido indolbutírico e de extratos naturais no enraizamento de estacas de cafeeiro (Coffea canephora L.) usando solo e serradura como substrato
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do bioestimulante comercial à base de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e dos extratos naturais de babosa (Aloe vera) e batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) no enraizamento de estacas de café-robusta (Coffea canephora). O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do Instituto Nacional do Café (INCA), em Uíge, Angola, durante 90 dias. Foram coletadas 320 estacas de 64 plantas matrizes, distribuídas em quatro tratamentos (AIB, extrato de babosa, extrato de batata-doce e testemunha) com quatro repetições em um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado. O substrato utilizado foi uma mistura de areia e serradura compostada. As estacas foram submetidas a imersão rápida nos bioestimulantes antes do plantio: AIB (100 mL L⁻¹, solução hidroalcóolica, por 5 segundos), extrato de babosa (400 mL L⁻¹) e extrato de batata-doce (300 mL L⁻¹). A irrigação foi realizada manualmente com pulverizador. A coleta de dados ocorreu em intervalos de 30, 60 e 90 dias, avaliando os seguintes parâmetros: percentagem de estacas mortas; brotações ativas e dormentes; estacas enraizadas; número e comprimento das raízes; comprimento e diâmetro do caule. Os resultados demonstraram que AIB e babosa foram os tratamentos mais eficazes para o enraizamento e desenvolvimento das estacas. A taxa de mortalidade foi significativamente menor nos tratamentos com AIB (6,3%) e babosa (18,8%), em comparação à testemunha (36,3%). O AIB promoveu uma maior percentagem de enraizamento (82,8%), seguida pela babosa (75,9%), enquanto a testemunha e o extrato de batata-doce apresentaram os menores valores. Quanto ao crescimento radicular, a babosa destacou-se com um comprimento máximo de raiz de 59,4 cm, superando o AIB com 55,0 cm. O diâmetro do caule apresentou melhor uniformidade no tratamento com extrato de babosa, sugerindo uma influência positiva na estabilidade das mudas. De modo geral, os tratamentos com AIB e babosa mostraram-se promissores para a propagação clonal café-robusta, podendo ser recomendados para otimizar o processo de enraizamento e melhorar o estabelecimento inicial das mudas.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the commercial biostimulant based on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and natural extracts of aloe vera (Aloe vera) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on the rooting of Coffea canephora cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the National Coffee Institute (INCA) in Uíge, Angola, over 90 days. A total of 320 cuttings were collected from 64 mother plants and distributed among four treatments (IBA, aloe vera extract, sweet potato extract, and control) with four replications in a completely randomized design. The substrate used was a mixture of sand and composted sawdust. The cuttings were subjected to quick immersion in the biostimulants before planting: IBA (100 mL L⁻¹, hydroalcoholic solution, for 5 seconds), aloe vera extract (400 mL L⁻¹), and sweet potato extract (300 mL L⁻¹). Irrigation was manually performed using a sprayer. Data collection occurred at 30, 60, and 90-day intervals, evaluating the following parameters: percentage of dead cuttings, active and dormant shoots, rooted cuttings, number and length of roots, stem length, and stem diameter. The results demonstrated that IBA and aloe vera were the most effective rooting and shoot development treatments. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the IBA (6.3%) and aloe vera (18.8%) treatments compared to the control (36.3%). IBA promoted the highest rooting percentage (82.8%), followed by aloe vera (75.9%), while the control and sweet potato extract had the lowest rooting rates. Regarding root growth, aloe vera showed the greatest maximum root length (59.4 cm), surpassing IBA (55.0 cm). Stem diameter was more uniform in the aloe vera extract treatment, suggesting a positive influence on seedling stability. Overall, the IBA and aloe vera treatments proved promising for the clonal propagation of Coffea robusta and can be recommended to optimize the rooting process and improve the initial establishment of seedlings.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the commercial biostimulant based on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and natural extracts of aloe vera (Aloe vera) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on the rooting of Coffea canephora cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the National Coffee Institute (INCA) in Uíge, Angola, over 90 days. A total of 320 cuttings were collected from 64 mother plants and distributed among four treatments (IBA, aloe vera extract, sweet potato extract, and control) with four replications in a completely randomized design. The substrate used was a mixture of sand and composted sawdust. The cuttings were subjected to quick immersion in the biostimulants before planting: IBA (100 mL L⁻¹, hydroalcoholic solution, for 5 seconds), aloe vera extract (400 mL L⁻¹), and sweet potato extract (300 mL L⁻¹). Irrigation was manually performed using a sprayer. Data collection occurred at 30, 60, and 90-day intervals, evaluating the following parameters: percentage of dead cuttings, active and dormant shoots, rooted cuttings, number and length of roots, stem length, and stem diameter. The results demonstrated that IBA and aloe vera were the most effective rooting and shoot development treatments. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the IBA (6.3%) and aloe vera (18.8%) treatments compared to the control (36.3%). IBA promoted the highest rooting percentage (82.8%), followed by aloe vera (75.9%), while the control and sweet potato extract had the lowest rooting rates. Regarding root growth, aloe vera showed the greatest maximum root length (59.4 cm), surpassing IBA (55.0 cm). Stem diameter was more uniform in the aloe vera extract treatment, suggesting a positive influence on seedling stability. Overall, the IBA and aloe vera treatments proved promising for the clonal propagation of Coffea robusta and can be recommended to optimize the rooting process and improve the initial establishment of seedlings.
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Keywords
Café-robusta Enraizamento de estacas AIB Aloe vera Ipomoea Batatas Bioestimulantes naturais