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Tipologia construtiva, estado de conservação e intervenções em edifícios tradicionais da zona histórica de Bragança
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 21.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Os edifícios pertencentes às zonas históricas das cidades devem ser preservados, sempre que possível, quanto à sua integridade e suas características, a fim de conservar a memória, o aprendizado, a técnica e a identidade dos diferentes grupos sociais em determinadas épocas. Contudo, com o passar do tempo, as edificações deterioram-se devido a diversos fatores, o que demanda manutenções periódicas.
No caso dos edifícios tradicionais, os princípios definidos por autores sobre esta temática são a mínima intervenção, a reversibilidade das intervenções, a compatibilidade entre o material novo e o pré-existente e distinguibilidade das intervenções, o que exige uma equipe multidisciplinar, além de mão-de-obra qualificada. Devido aos altos custos envolvidos na preservação de um edifício, a Zona Histórica de Bragança apresenta uma quantidade significativa de edifícios degradados por anomalias, bem como por dissonâncias que não são as mais adequadas, segundo recomendações e diretrizes acerca da preservação de imóveis tradicionais.
A falta de manutenção é um dos fatores que mais contribuem para o surgimento de manifestações patológicas e anomalias nos edifícios. Por outro lado, grande parte das edificações que passaram por intervenções, desde pequenas operações de manutenção até uma profunda reabilitação, possui elementos dissonantes, seja a utilização de elementos construtivos inadequados e/ou a inclusão de itens que prejudicam a visualização do edifício. Esses problemas implicam na perda do valor patrimonial dos imóveis em questão.
Neste contexto, o trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o patrímónio construído de parte do centro histórico de Bragança, por meio da caracterização construtiva dos edifícios em zonas distintas, a partir da inspeção visual das fachadas de cada um, bem como no levantamento de anomalias e dissonâncias, de modo a analisar o estado de conservação, a qualidade das intervenções e os riscos envolvidos. Além disso, são propostas soluções, de um modo geral, para anomalias e dissonâncias, bem como é sugerido um incentivo que contribua para a recuperação e preservação de edifícios tradicionais.
Buildings in historic areas of cities should be preserved, whenever possible, in terms of their integrity and characteristics, in order to preserve the memory, learning, technique and identity of different social groups in certain periods. However, over time, buildings deteriorate due to several factors, which requires periodic maintenance. In the case of traditional buildings, the principles defined by authors on this subject are minimal intervention, reversibility of interventions, compatibility between new and pre-existing materials and distinguishability of interventions, which requires a multidisciplinary team, in addition to qualified labor. Due to the high costs involved in preserving a building, the Historic Area of Bragança has a significant number of buildings degraded by anomalies, as well as by dissonances that are not the most appropriate, according to recommendations and guidelines on the preservation of traditional properties. The lack of maintenance is one of the factors that most contribute to the emergence of pathological manifestations and anomalies in buildings. On the other hand, many of the buildings that have undergone interventions, from minor maintenance operations to major rehabilitation, have dissonant elements, such as the use of inadequate construction elements and/or the inclusion of items that impair the building's visibility. These problems imply a loss of the property's heritage value. In this context, the work aims to assess the built heritage of part of the historic center of Bragança, through the construction characterization of buildings in different areas, based on visual inspection of the facades of each one, as well as by identifying anomalies and dissonances, in order to analyze the state of conservation, the quality of the interventions and the risks involved. In addition, solutions are proposed, in general, for anomalies and dissonances, as well as an incentive that contributes to the recovery and preservation of traditional buildings.
Buildings in historic areas of cities should be preserved, whenever possible, in terms of their integrity and characteristics, in order to preserve the memory, learning, technique and identity of different social groups in certain periods. However, over time, buildings deteriorate due to several factors, which requires periodic maintenance. In the case of traditional buildings, the principles defined by authors on this subject are minimal intervention, reversibility of interventions, compatibility between new and pre-existing materials and distinguishability of interventions, which requires a multidisciplinary team, in addition to qualified labor. Due to the high costs involved in preserving a building, the Historic Area of Bragança has a significant number of buildings degraded by anomalies, as well as by dissonances that are not the most appropriate, according to recommendations and guidelines on the preservation of traditional properties. The lack of maintenance is one of the factors that most contribute to the emergence of pathological manifestations and anomalies in buildings. On the other hand, many of the buildings that have undergone interventions, from minor maintenance operations to major rehabilitation, have dissonant elements, such as the use of inadequate construction elements and/or the inclusion of items that impair the building's visibility. These problems imply a loss of the property's heritage value. In this context, the work aims to assess the built heritage of part of the historic center of Bragança, through the construction characterization of buildings in different areas, based on visual inspection of the facades of each one, as well as by identifying anomalies and dissonances, in order to analyze the state of conservation, the quality of the interventions and the risks involved. In addition, solutions are proposed, in general, for anomalies and dissonances, as well as an incentive that contributes to the recovery and preservation of traditional buildings.
Description
Keywords
Zonas históricas Edifícios tradicionais Manifestações patológicas Manutenção Reabilitação