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Biomonitoring of firefighters' exposure to priority pollutant metal(loid)s during wildland fire combat missions: Impact on urinary levels and health risks

2024Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorPaiva, Ana Margarida
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Bela
dc.contributor.authorAzevedo, Rui
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Marta
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Sara Elisa Brás
dc.contributor.authorEsteves, Filipa
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Adília
dc.contributor.authorVaz, Josiana A.
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Maria José
dc.contributor.authorSlezakova, Klara
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Maria do Carmo
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, João Paulo Fernandes
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Solange
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Agostinho
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Simone
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-16T08:57:19Z
dc.date.available2024-10-16T08:57:19Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractWildland firefighters are exposed to metal(loid)s released during wildfires through vegetation combustion, which also promotes remobilization of accumulated anthropogenic metal(loid)s. Studies biomonitoring metal(loid)s exposure promoted exclusively by wildfire suppression activities are lacking. This work aimed to characterize, for the first time, the impact of real-life wildland firefighting operations on urinary levels of priority pollutant metal(loid)s [14 included in ATSDR, 11 in USEPA, and 4 in Human Biomonitoring for Europe Initiative priority lists] in firefighters. Spot urines were sampled pre-exposure (105 non-smokers, 76 smokers) and post-exposure to firefighting activities (20 non-smokers, 25 smokers); among those, paired samples were collected from 14 nonsmoking and 24 smoking firefighters. Smokers displayed significantly higher baseline levels of zinc (28 %), lithium (29 %), cadmium (55 %), rubidium (13 %), and copper (20 %) than non-smokers. Following wildfire suppression, the concentration of the WHO potentially toxic metal(loid)s rose from 2 % to 3 % in smokers and 2 % to 5 % in non-smokers (up to 4 % for all firefighters and up to 5 % in paired samples). Levels of nickel (33–53 %), antimony (45–56 %), and cesium (40–47 %) increased significantly post-exposure in non-smokers (in all firefighters and in paired samples), whose urinary concentrations were generally more impacted by wildfire emissions than those of smokers. Arsenic (80 %) displayed the only significant increase post-exposure in smokers, being the best discriminant of exposure to wildfire emissions in these subjects. Significant positive correlations were found for age and/or career length with cadmium, lead, barium, strontium, and mercury, and for body mass index with arsenic. The reference/guidance values were exceeded for arsenic, zinc, cesium, nickel, antimony, cadmium, lead, thallium, mercury, copper, and cobalt in 1–90 % of firefighters suggesting augmented health risks due to wildfire combating and emphasizing the need of mitigation strategies. This study also provides biomonitoring data to help setting reference values for the occupationally exposed part of population.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work received support by UIDB/50006/2020 (http://doi. org/10.54499/UIDB/50006/2020), UIDP/50006/2020 (http://doi. org/10.54499/UIDP/50006/2020), LA/P/0008/2020 (http://doi.org/ 10.54499/LA/P/0008/2020), and through the project PCIF/SSO/ 0090/2019 (http://doi.org/10.54499/PCIF/SSO/0090/2019) and 2022.05381.PTDC (http://doi.org/10.54499/2022.05381.PTDC) by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds. The authors would also like to thank FCT and the European Union through Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) which supported the scientific contract CEEC- Individual 2017 Program Contract CEECIND/03666/2017 (https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECIND/03666/2017/CP1427/CT0007) and the PhD grant 2020.07394.BD (https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.0 7394.BD), respectively.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationPaiva, Ana Margarida; Barros, Bela; Azevedo, Rui; Oliveira, Marta; Alves, Sara; Esteves, Filipa; Fernandes, Adília; Vaz, Josiana; Alves, Maria José; Slezakova, Klara; Pereira, Maria do Carmo; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, Solange; Almeida, Agostinho; Morais, Simone (2024). Biomonitoring of firefighters' exposure to priority pollutant metal(loid)s during wildland fire combat missions: Impact on urinary levels and health risks. Science of The Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. 953, p. 1-14.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176105pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/30430
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationFirefighting occupational exposure and early effects on the health of operational forces
dc.relationNot Available
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectWildfire emissionspt_PT
dc.subjectBiomarkerspt_PT
dc.subjectUrinept_PT
dc.subjectPost-exposurept_PT
dc.subjectTobacco consumptionpt_PT
dc.subjectPaired samplespt_PT
dc.titleBiomonitoring of firefighters' exposure to priority pollutant metal(loid)s during wildland fire combat missions: Impact on urinary levels and health riskspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleFirefighting occupational exposure and early effects on the health of operational forces
oaire.awardTitleNot Available
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos de I&D em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2022/2022.05381.PTDC/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2017/CEECIND%2F03666%2F2017%2FCP1427%2FCT0007/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/2020.07394.BD/PT
oaire.citation.endPage14pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleScience of The Total Environmentpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume953pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
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oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de Projetos de I&D em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2022
oaire.fundingStreamCEEC IND 2017
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person.familyNameFernandes
person.familyNameVaz
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person.givenNameAdília
person.givenNameJosiana A.
person.givenNameMaria José
person.identifier.ciencia-id0514-76CD-8CCF
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6989-1169
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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