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The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMorais, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorSanders, Ross H.
dc.contributor.authorPapic, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Tiago M.
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, D.A.
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-04T16:21:46Z
dc.date.available2021-01-04T16:21:46Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractPurpose The aims of this study were to 1) compare active drag (D-a) calculation between a single land-based measurement of frontal surface area (FSA) and in-water FSA measures obtained at key events of the arm pull (1, right upper-limb catch; 2, right upper-limb insweep; 3, right upper-limb exit and left upper-limb catch; 4, left upper-limb insweep; and 5, left upper-limb exit and right upper-limb catch) at front crawl swimming, and 2) compare mechanical power variables computed based on these two approaches. Methods Seventeen swimmers (11, male; 6, female; 16.15 +/- 0.94 yr old) were recruited. The FSA was measured based on two approaches: (i) nonvariation, that is, assuming a constant value, and (ii) variation, that is, calculated in each key event of the front crawl swim. Active drag based on a nonvariation of the FSA was measured using the Velocity Perturbation method. Active drag based on a variation approach was measured in each key event of the front crawl according to the law of linear motion. Pairedt-test (P <= 0.05), simple linear regression models, and Bland-Altman plots between assessment methods (variation vs nonvariation) were computed. Results The FSA (variation) was higher than when assuming a nonvariation (0.1110 +/- 0.010 vs 0.0968 +/- 0.010 m(2), Delta = 15.69%,t= 4.40,P< 0.001,d= 0.95). Active drag (variation) was also significantly higher than when assuming a nonvariation (88.44 +/- 25.92 vs 75.41 +/- 15.11 N, Delta = 16.09%,t= 3.66,P= 0.002,d= 0.61). Conclusions Besides the FSA, swim velocity also changes during the front crawl arm pull. The variation of both variables had a significant effect on the active drag measurement and consequently on mechanical power and total power input variables.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is supported by national funds (FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project UIDB/04045/2020. There were no conflicts of interests. The results of this study do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sports Medicine. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationMorais, J.E.; Sanders, Ross H.; Papic, Christopher; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Marinho, D.A. (2020). The influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active drag. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 52:11, p. 2357-2364pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1249/MSS.0000000000002400pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0195-9131
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/23022
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherLippincott Williams & Wilkinspt_PT
dc.relationResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectSwimmingpt_PT
dc.subjectUnderwater Cameraspt_PT
dc.subjectDragpt_PT
dc.titleThe influence of the frontal surface area and swim velocity variation in front crawl active dragpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04045%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage2364pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue11pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage2357pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercisept_PT
oaire.citation.volume52pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameMorais
person.familyNameBarbosa
person.givenNameJ. E.
person.givenNameTiago M.
person.identifier867179
person.identifier.ciencia-idAA12-BF58-EE60
person.identifier.ciencia-id8B11-BDC4-F6FF
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6885-0648
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7071-2116
person.identifier.scopus-author-id10044856400
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery80b13e62-254d-4d46-ad90-8b509ab523a8
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