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Avaliação do pólen apícola como fonte de aminoácidos
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O pólen apícola, coletado pelas abelhas das flores e armazenado na colmeia, é
reconhecido por sua composição nutricional e bioativa. O pólen é benéfico para as abelhas porque é a principal fonte de proteínas enquanto, também, serve de alimento humano devido ao seu alto valor nutricional. É composto por sua maioria em água, proteínas, aminoácidos, carboidratos e lipídeos, mas ainda por compostos minoritários tais como minerais, vitaminas e compostos fenólicos, tornando-o um antioxidante. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a composição do pólen presente nos grãos coletados e transformados pelas abelhas com ênfase em aminoácidos. Para isso, foram analisadas quatro amostras de pólen apícola, duas monoflorais e duas multiflorais, através de
diferentes parâmetros de qualidade como pH, proteínas totais, cinzas, lipídeos,
carboidratos e calorias. Os aminoácidos livres foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta pressão acoplada a um espectrômetro de massa de alta resolução com um detector Orbitrap (LC-HRMS), após a extração com H2O:ACN. Os resultados evidenciaram valores consistentes de proteínas, carboidratos e minerais, além de um perfil de aminoácidos essenciais e não essenciais, influenciado pela origem botânica. A análise estatística multivariada (PCA) permitiu distinguir claramente as amostras monoflorais das multiflorais, demonstrando que a composição de aminoácidos e as características físico-químicas são fortemente influenciadas pela origem floral. Os resultados de aminoácidos mostraram presenças maiores para a prolina, valina e fenilalanina com resultados baixos de desvio-padrão, enquanto para os outros aminoácidos, os resultados foram baixos, porém detectados por conta do método sensível utilizado. Esses resultados reforçam o potencial do pólen apícola como fonte natural de nutrientes essenciais e demonstram sua relevância tanto para a saúde das abelhas quanto para o consumo humano.
Bee pollen, collected by bees from flowers and stored in the hive, is recognized for its nutritional and bioactive composition. Pollen is beneficial to bees because it is their main source of protein, while also serving as human food due to its high nutritional value. It is composed mainly of water, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, but also contains minor compounds such as minerals, vitamins, and phenolic compounds, making it an antioxidant. This study aimed to analyze the composition of pollen present in grains collected and processed by bees, with an emphasis on amino acids. To this end, four samples of bee pollen, two monofloral and two multifloral, were analyzed using diferente quality parameters such as pH, total proteins, ash, lipids, carbohydrates, and calories. Free amino acids were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer with an Orbitrap detector (LC-HRMS) after extraction with H2O:ACN. The results showed consistent values for proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, as well as a profile of essential and nonessential amino acids influenced by botanical origin. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) clearly distinguished monofloral from multifloral samples, demonstrating that amino acid composition and physicochemical characteristics are strongly influenced by floral origin. The amino acid results showed higher levels of proline, valine, and phenylalanine with low standard deviation results, while for the other amino acids, the results were low, but detected due to the sensitive method used. These results reinforce the potential of bee pollen as a natural source of essential nutrients and demonstrate its relevance for both bee health and human consumption.
Bee pollen, collected by bees from flowers and stored in the hive, is recognized for its nutritional and bioactive composition. Pollen is beneficial to bees because it is their main source of protein, while also serving as human food due to its high nutritional value. It is composed mainly of water, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, but also contains minor compounds such as minerals, vitamins, and phenolic compounds, making it an antioxidant. This study aimed to analyze the composition of pollen present in grains collected and processed by bees, with an emphasis on amino acids. To this end, four samples of bee pollen, two monofloral and two multifloral, were analyzed using diferente quality parameters such as pH, total proteins, ash, lipids, carbohydrates, and calories. Free amino acids were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer with an Orbitrap detector (LC-HRMS) after extraction with H2O:ACN. The results showed consistent values for proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, as well as a profile of essential and nonessential amino acids influenced by botanical origin. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) clearly distinguished monofloral from multifloral samples, demonstrating that amino acid composition and physicochemical characteristics are strongly influenced by floral origin. The amino acid results showed higher levels of proline, valine, and phenylalanine with low standard deviation results, while for the other amino acids, the results were low, but detected due to the sensitive method used. These results reinforce the potential of bee pollen as a natural source of essential nutrients and demonstrate its relevance for both bee health and human consumption.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pólen apícola Aminoácidos Cromatografia líquida Espectrometria de massa Abelha melífera