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Soil and foliar nitrogen and boron fertilization of almond trees grown under rainfed conditions

2019Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorArrobas, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, A.C.
dc.contributor.authorBarreales, David
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Ermelinda
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, M.A.
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-19T10:00:00Z
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-03T10:35:21Z
dc.date.available2018-01-19T10:00:00Z
dc.date.available2020-01-03T10:35:21Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractRainfed orchards have huge social importance in territories of low agro ecological potential. Research on almond is limited for dry-farmed orchards in particular for crop nutrition and fertilization. This makes difficult to implement a cropping practice adjusted to the ecological constraints of these agrosystems. It is known that nitrogen (N) and boron (B) are determining nutrients for dicot tree crops such as olive and vineyards grown under these environmental conditions. Thus, this study aims to test at what level the crop responds to soil-applied N and B, and whether the foliar sprays can supplement or replace the application of the nutrients to the soil. It is also important to check if the sufficiency ranges set for the almond, which have been based on irrigated orchards, are adjusted for rainfed farming. The N rates applied to the soil were 0 (N0), 25 (N25), 50 (N50) and 100 (N100) kg hm−2 and those of B 0 (B0), 1 (B1), 2 (B2) and 3 (B3) kg hm−2. The foliar sprays consisted of three annual applications of N (two in 2017) and two applications of B (one in 2017), the last ones of 2015 and 2016 applied at post-harvest. Foliar N and B sprays were respectively applied at the concentrations of 0.5% N and 0.036% B. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot design with soil applied N or B assigned to the main plots and foliar N or B as subplots. Kernel yield showed a marked alternate-fruiting, with two years of good crops (2015 and 2017) and a year of practically no production (2016), likely due to adverse ecological conditions for almond growth and cropping practices incorrectly performed. Soil-applied N significantly increased kernel yield in comparison to the control but the differences were not significant in N rates higher than 25 kg N hm−2. The application of B to the soil improved tissue B concentrations but did not increase productivity. In general, foliar applications of N or B failed to improve plant nutritional status and kernel yield. The current sufficiency ranges for almond seem to be unnecessarily narrow for several nutrients such as N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), since several results were found to be out of the sufficiency range with no apparent negative consequences for the trees. The laboratories carrying out soil testing and plant analysis should take this into account in diagnosing the nutritional status of almond orchards.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013). The authors also thank Cooperativa Agrícola de Alfândega da Fé for allowing the use of this orchard in the research.
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionen_EN
dc.identifier.citationArrobas, Margarida; Ribeiro, António; Barreales, David; Pereira, Ermelinda L.; Rodrigues, M.A. (2019). Soil and foliar nitrogen and boron fertilization of almond trees grown under rainfed conditions. European Journal of Agronomy. ISSN 1161-0301. 106, p. 39-48en_EN
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.eja.2019.02.014en_EN
dc.identifier.issn1161-0301
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/19978
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyesen_EN
dc.subjectAlmond yielden_EN
dc.subjectNutrient removalen_EN
dc.subjectPrunus dulcisen_EN
dc.subjectRainfed agricultureen_EN
dc.subjectSufficiency rangesen_EN
dc.titleSoil and foliar nitrogen and boron fertilization of almond trees grown under rainfed conditionsen_EN
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/UID%2FAGR%2F00690%2F2013/PT
oaire.fundingStream5876
person.familyNameArrobas
person.familyNameRibeiro
person.familyNameBarreales
person.familyNamePereira
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.givenNameMargarida
person.givenNameAntónio C.
person.givenNameDavid
person.givenNameErmelinda
person.givenNameManuel Ângelo
person.identifier.ciencia-id971C-B85B-1EC0
person.identifier.ciencia-id9D19-E833-BE97
person.identifier.ciencia-idFA16-8DE7-6968
person.identifier.ciencia-id3916-218E-1629
person.identifier.ciencia-id371D-DF0D-8D68
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4652-485X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8280-9027
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8425-0167
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9431-5059
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5367-1129
person.identifier.ridO-1721-2016
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8575728800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57202136257
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35222107200
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35270106800
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen_EN
rcaap.typearticleen_EN
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