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Behavioral regulation in sport questionnaire and sport motivation scale-II: a scale comparison

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Ciências da Educação
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorBica, Joana
dc.contributor.authorJacinto, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Rui
dc.contributor.authorAmaro, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorAntunes, Raul
dc.contributor.authorCouto, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorCid, Luís
dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Diogo
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-17T10:53:39Z
dc.date.available2025-10-17T10:53:39Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThis study compared the psychometric properties of two primary instruments for assessing sport motivation based on Self-Determination Theory: the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) and the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ). A cross-sectional analysis evaluated the scales' internal consistency, factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, and model fit, which required post-hoc modifications. Measurement invariance and adherence to the theoretical simplex pattern were also tested. The BRSQ demonstrated generally acceptable reliability, while the SMS-II showed deficiencies in its introjected, external, and amotivation subscales. Both scales faced validity challenges in distinguishing adjacent motivational constructs. Although measurement invariance was supported, correlations deviated from the theoretical quasi-simplex pattern. The BRSQ appears more robust, but neither scale is flawless. Researchers must select instruments aligned with their specific objectives and interpret scores cautiously due to these psychometric limitations. This underscores the need for refined tools to better capture the dynamic complexity of motivation in sports.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This work was funded by National Funds by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology under the following project UID/04045: Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
dc.identifier.citationBica, Joana; Jacinto, Miguel; Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, Raúl; Couto, Nuno; Cid, Luís; Forte, Pedro; Monteiro, Diogo (2025). Behavioral regulation in sport questionnaire and sport motivation scale-II: a scale comparison. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 16, p. 1-13
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1652580
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34847
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relationResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Psychology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectMotivation
dc.subjectSelf-determination theory
dc.subjectSport motivation scale-II
dc.subjectBehavioral regulation in sport questionnaire
dc.subjectSelf-determinant theory
dc.titleBehavioral regulation in sport questionnaire and sport motivation scale-II: a scale comparisoneng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FDTP%2F04045%2F2019/PT
oaire.citation.endPage13
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Psychology
oaire.citation.volume16
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameForte
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isProjectOfPublication512ae2d1-6c8e-4a0e-bbdb-aeb577811865
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery512ae2d1-6c8e-4a0e-bbdb-aeb577811865

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