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A Insuficiência Cardíaca é uma condição crónica altamente prevalente e associada a limitações significativas na autonomia, na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida. A taxa de rehospitalizações é elevada, constituindo um desafio para as pessoas afetadas e para os sistemas de saúde. Embora os programas de reabilitação cardíaca presenciais demonstrem benefícios claros, muitos doentes enfrentam obstáculos na sua frequência, como dificuldade de deslocação ou limitações económicas. Neste cenário, a reabilitação cardíaca domiciliária emerge como uma alternativa promissora, com potencial para aumentar o acesso e a adesão aos programas de reabilitação, através da integração do exercício físico, da educação para a saúde e do acompanhamento remoto no quotidiano da pessoa com Insuficiência Cardíaca.
Objetivo: Mapear a evidência científica disponível sobre o impacto dos programas de reabilitação cardíaca domiciliária na capacidade funcional, na qualidade de vida e nos desfechos clínicos de pessoas com Insuficiência Cardíaca.
Métodos: Realizou‑se uma Scoping Review segundo as orientações metodológicas do Joanna Briggs Institute e PRISMA‑ScR. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2025, envolvendo adultos com Insuficiência Cardíaca que participaram em programas de reabilitação cardíaca domiciliária. A pesquisa em bases como PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus e Web of Science, complementada por literatura cinzenta, resultou em 112 registos iniciais. Após triagem, 8 estudos foram incluídos. O processo de seleção foi apoiado pela plataforma Rayyan.
Resultados: A evidência mostra que a reabilitação cardíaca domiciliária é segura e promove melhorias na capacidade funcional, nomeadamente no VO₂ pico e na prova de marcha de 6 minutos. Observam‑se também ganhos na qualidade de vida, embora os efeitos em mortalidade e rehospitalizações variem entre estudos. A adesão revela‑se elevada, sustentada pela flexibilidade e contextualização das atividades no domicílio.
Conclusão: A reabilitação cardíaca domiciliária constitui uma alternativa eficaz aos programas presenciais, com impacto positivo na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida das pessoas com Insuficiência Cardíaca. O enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem de reabilitação desempenha um papel essencial na monitorização, educação e apoio ao autocuidado.
Heart failure is a highly prevalent chronic condition associated with significant limitations in autonomy, functional capacity, and quality of life. Hospital readmission rates remain high, posing challenges both for affected individuals and healthcare systems. Although center-based cardiac rehabilitation programs demonstrate clear benefits, many patients face barriers to participation, such as difficulties with transportation or financial constraints. In this context, home-based cardiac rehabilitation emerges as a promising alternative, with the potential to increase access and adherence by integrating physical exercise, health education, and remote monitoring into the daily lives of individuals with heart failure. Aim: To map the available scientific evidence on the impact of home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes in individuals with heart failure. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Studies published between 2015 and 2025, involving adults with heart failure participating in home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs, were included. Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, complemented by grey literature, yielding 112 initial records. After screening and full-text assessment, 8 studies were included. The selection process was supported by the Rayyan platform. Results: Evidence indicates that home-based cardiac rehabilitation is safe and promotes improvements in functional capacity, specifically peak VO₂ and six-minute walk test performance. Gains in quality of life were also observed, although effects on mortality and hospital readmissions were inconsistent across studies. Adherence was high, supported by the flexibility and integration of activities into the home environment. Conclusion: Home-based cardiac rehabilitation represents an effective alternative to center-based programs, positively impacting functionality and quality of life in individuals with heart failure. The Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing plays a key role in monitoring, education, and supporting self-care.
Heart failure is a highly prevalent chronic condition associated with significant limitations in autonomy, functional capacity, and quality of life. Hospital readmission rates remain high, posing challenges both for affected individuals and healthcare systems. Although center-based cardiac rehabilitation programs demonstrate clear benefits, many patients face barriers to participation, such as difficulties with transportation or financial constraints. In this context, home-based cardiac rehabilitation emerges as a promising alternative, with the potential to increase access and adherence by integrating physical exercise, health education, and remote monitoring into the daily lives of individuals with heart failure. Aim: To map the available scientific evidence on the impact of home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes in individuals with heart failure. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Studies published between 2015 and 2025, involving adults with heart failure participating in home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs, were included. Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, complemented by grey literature, yielding 112 initial records. After screening and full-text assessment, 8 studies were included. The selection process was supported by the Rayyan platform. Results: Evidence indicates that home-based cardiac rehabilitation is safe and promotes improvements in functional capacity, specifically peak VO₂ and six-minute walk test performance. Gains in quality of life were also observed, although effects on mortality and hospital readmissions were inconsistent across studies. Adherence was high, supported by the flexibility and integration of activities into the home environment. Conclusion: Home-based cardiac rehabilitation represents an effective alternative to center-based programs, positively impacting functionality and quality of life in individuals with heart failure. The Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing plays a key role in monitoring, education, and supporting self-care.
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Palavras-chave
Insuficiência cardíaca Reabilitação cardíaca Reabilitação domiciliar Qualidade de vida Capacidade funcional