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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho de tese desenvolveu-se no Parque Natural de Montesinho, porque a área
de Montesinho é considerada de elevado risco potencial de erosão hídrica, devido
essencialmente ao relevo nos troços mais encaixados das principais linhas de água. Por
outro lado, a extensão de matos na área é muito considerável, importando avaliar, de
modo quantificado, o seu papel na protecção dos solos, entre outras das suas funções
ecossistémicas.
Os objectivos gerais desta tese são estudar a erosão hídrica do solo em áreas de matos
do Parque Natural de Montesinho, bem como caracterizar estas comunidades vegetais
quanto ao Carbono que armazenam e a sua dinâmica determinada pelo processo erosivo.
Foram quantificados o escoamento e o transporte de sedimentos, produzidos em ensaios
de campo realizados com um simulador de chuva devidamente calibrado, procurando
aproximar as chuvadas simuladas das características da precipitação natural do local. Os
ensaios realizaram-se em três espécies de matos, Cistus ladanifer (estevas), Cytisus
multiflorus (giesta-branca) e Erica australis ssp. aragonensis (urzes), do Parque Natural
de Montesinho (PNM), no qual representam 1/3 da sua área. Quantificaram-se também
os aspectos morfológicos dos matos que condicionam o processo erosivo, e a
distribuição do Carbono nas três espécies de matos em estudo e no solo.
Com esta tese conclui-se que a cobertura vegetal de matos, que cobrem boa parte do
PNM, reduz os riscos associados à perda de solo pela erosão hídrica, contribuindo para
a sua conservação. Os matos têm um papel importante em relação ao Carbono Orgânico
pelos quantitativos que estas comunidades armazenam na vegetação e no solo e pela
extensão das áreas que ocupam. Daí também a sua importância para o sequestro do
Carbono atmosférico, cedendo uma parte ao solo, e assim reduzindo a concentração
deste elemento na atmosfera e consequentemente a dos gases de estufa.
This thesis developed in the Montesinho Natural Park (PNM). In the area of Montesinho, topography favours high water erosion potential, especially in sharp relief sections of the main watercourses. Furthermore, shrubs, covering a considerable part of PNM, play an important role, needing quantification, in soil protection and other ecossystemic functions. The general objectives of this thesis are the study of water erosion in shrub areas of PNM, and Carbon storage and dynamics associated to erosion in these vegetation communities. Runoff and sediment transport were measured during field trials performed with a calibrated rainfall simulator, approaching local characteristics of natural precipitation. Trials were performed in three species of shrubs, Cistus ladanifer (“esteva”), Cytisus multiflorus (“giesta” white) and Erica australis ssp. aragonensis (“urze”), in Montesinho Natural Park of (PNM), where they represent 1/3 of the area. Measurements also comprised morphology of bushes, as features controlling water erosion, and Carbon distribution in the three species of shrubs studied (in vegetation and in soil). As this thesis concludes bushes covering a considerable part of the PNM importantly contribute to reduce the risks associated with the soil loss by water erosion, hence contributing to its protection. The shrubs have also an important role in relation to organic Carbon, because of their both releant storage capacity and areal extent. Consequently, shrub communities, through atmospheric Carbon sequestration, partly transferred to soil, play an important role in reducing the concentration of this element in the atmosphere and therefore of the greenhouse gases.
This thesis developed in the Montesinho Natural Park (PNM). In the area of Montesinho, topography favours high water erosion potential, especially in sharp relief sections of the main watercourses. Furthermore, shrubs, covering a considerable part of PNM, play an important role, needing quantification, in soil protection and other ecossystemic functions. The general objectives of this thesis are the study of water erosion in shrub areas of PNM, and Carbon storage and dynamics associated to erosion in these vegetation communities. Runoff and sediment transport were measured during field trials performed with a calibrated rainfall simulator, approaching local characteristics of natural precipitation. Trials were performed in three species of shrubs, Cistus ladanifer (“esteva”), Cytisus multiflorus (“giesta” white) and Erica australis ssp. aragonensis (“urze”), in Montesinho Natural Park of (PNM), where they represent 1/3 of the area. Measurements also comprised morphology of bushes, as features controlling water erosion, and Carbon distribution in the three species of shrubs studied (in vegetation and in soil). As this thesis concludes bushes covering a considerable part of the PNM importantly contribute to reduce the risks associated with the soil loss by water erosion, hence contributing to its protection. The shrubs have also an important role in relation to organic Carbon, because of their both releant storage capacity and areal extent. Consequently, shrub communities, through atmospheric Carbon sequestration, partly transferred to soil, play an important role in reducing the concentration of this element in the atmosphere and therefore of the greenhouse gases.
Description
Keywords
Erosão hídrica do solo Dinâmica do carbono Simulação de chuva Escoamento Transporte de sedimentos Parque Natural de Montesinho
Citation
Ramos, Maria Alice Bompastor - Matos do Parque Natural de Montesinho: erosão hídrica e dinâmica do carbono: um estudo à micro-escala com simulação de chuva. Bragança : Universidade dos Açores, Instituto Politécnico, 2008. Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza
Publisher
Universidade dos Açores, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança