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Abstract(s)
Las plantas a lo largo de la historia han sido un recurso al alcance del ser humano utilizado para su alimentación y curación de sus enfermedades, considerándose así parte de la medicina natural. Producen diversos tipos de compuestos que se han clasificado en dos grandes grupos: metabolitos primarios (clorofila, aminoácidos, nucleótidos, carbohidratos simples y lípidos de membrana), encargados de los procesos de fotosíntesis, respiración, transporte de solutos, translocación, asimilación de nutrientes y diferenciación; y los metabolitos secundarios (terpenos, compuestos fenólicos y compuestos nitrogenados), los cuales no parecen tener una función directa en el crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta (Ávalos & Pérez; 2009). Sin embargo, muchos metabolitos secundarios no están aún bien caracterizados y entendidos. Estudios recientes han demostrado las actividades biológicas relevantes de compuestos fenólicos con actividad antioxidante (Muñoz et al., 2007). Esto lo relacionan con su estructura química ya que les confiere propiedades redox. Para ampliar esta información, en este trabajo nos centraremos en el análisis, identificación y caracterización de compuestos fenólicos de dos especies de plantas de interés medicinal.
El estudio se ha llevado a cabo partiendo de muestras de Bidens aurea (Aiton) Sherff
y Daphne gnidium L. donde se analiza el contenido en ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides y otros compuestos fenólicos (cumarinas, lignanos) de las hojas, flores y tallo de ambas plantas. Para ello se ha desarrollado un método por HPLC para la separación de los distintos compuestos que combinado con espectrofotometría de diodos y espectrometría de masas, ha permitido la identificación de la mayor parte de los compuestos presentes en las muestras. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la composición fenólica de las muestras de B. aurea está fundamentalmente caracterizada por la presencia de derivados de ácidos hidroxicinámicos y flavonoides, mientras que las cumarinas son mayoritarias en las muestras de D. gnidium L. A su vez se puede destacar que los compuestos encontrados fueron diferentes entre las distintas partes de la misma planta. Las hojas mostraron mayor composición fenólica respecto a las otras muestras en ambas plantas.
Plants throughout history have been a human resource available to be used for food and feeding and treatment of diseases, thus being considered part of natural medicine. They produce various types of compounds that have been classified into two main groups: primary metabolites (chlorophylls, amino acids, nucleotides, simple carbohydrates and membrane lipids), responsible for the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, solute transport, translocation, nutrient assimilation and differentiation; and secondary metabolites (terpenes, phenolic compounds and nitrogen compounds), which do not seem to have a direct function in the growth and development of the plant. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites are not well characterized and understood. Recent studies have shown the relevant biological activities of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, which is related to their chemical structure that gives them redox properties. To expand this information, in this work we will focus on the analysis, identification and characterization of phenolic compounds of plant species of medicinal interest. The study has been carried out starting from samples of Bidens aurea (Aiton) Sherff and Daphne gnidium L. They have been explored for their composition in phenolic acids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds (coumarins, lignans) in flowers, leaves and stems of both plants. With this aim, an HPLC method for the separation of the different compounds has been developed, which combined with diode array spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry allowed the identification of most of the compounds present in the samples. The obtained results showed that the phenolic composition of B. aurea samples was mainly based on the presence of hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and flavonoids, whereas coumarins predominated in the samples of D. gnidium L. It can be note that the compounds found were different between the different parts of the same plant. The leaves showed greater phenolic composition with respect to the other samples in both plants.
Plants throughout history have been a human resource available to be used for food and feeding and treatment of diseases, thus being considered part of natural medicine. They produce various types of compounds that have been classified into two main groups: primary metabolites (chlorophylls, amino acids, nucleotides, simple carbohydrates and membrane lipids), responsible for the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, solute transport, translocation, nutrient assimilation and differentiation; and secondary metabolites (terpenes, phenolic compounds and nitrogen compounds), which do not seem to have a direct function in the growth and development of the plant. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites are not well characterized and understood. Recent studies have shown the relevant biological activities of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, which is related to their chemical structure that gives them redox properties. To expand this information, in this work we will focus on the analysis, identification and characterization of phenolic compounds of plant species of medicinal interest. The study has been carried out starting from samples of Bidens aurea (Aiton) Sherff and Daphne gnidium L. They have been explored for their composition in phenolic acids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds (coumarins, lignans) in flowers, leaves and stems of both plants. With this aim, an HPLC method for the separation of the different compounds has been developed, which combined with diode array spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry allowed the identification of most of the compounds present in the samples. The obtained results showed that the phenolic composition of B. aurea samples was mainly based on the presence of hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and flavonoids, whereas coumarins predominated in the samples of D. gnidium L. It can be note that the compounds found were different between the different parts of the same plant. The leaves showed greater phenolic composition with respect to the other samples in both plants.
Description
Keywords
Bidens aurea Sherff Daphne gnidium L. Thymelaeaceae