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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem como finalidade aprimorar a estrutura de um centro de maquinagem
CNC de 3 eixos dimensionado anteriormente num projeto de final de curso de licenciatura de
Engenharia Mecânica e acrescentar-lhe um quarto eixo, de modo a tornar o equipamento mais
versátil. Pretende-se que o centro de maquinagem em questão possua uma volumetria de
trabalho superior aos centros existentes no mercado, ou seja, deve possuir uma volumetria de
trabalho na ordem dos 4,0×2,0×1,5 m. O dimensionamento do centro de maquinagem foi
elaborado para maquinar materiais macios, como alguns tipos de poliuretano e MDF.
Pretende-se que a CNC de 4 eixos além de maquinar materiais como o MDF, possa ser utilizada
como um equipamento multifunções, como corte por plasma ou até mesmo impressão 3D.
O desenvolvimento do modelo final do centro de maquinagem de 4 eixos, consistiu num
processo iterativo, sempre com intuito de encontrar um modelo que pudesse satisfazer as
necessidades pretendidas.
A etapa seguinte consistiu em selecionar os diferentes componentes necessários para fabricar o
centro de maquinagem, como perfis, guias lineares, fusos, pinhões, cremalheiras, motores
stepper, entre outros. Para além dos componentes já existentes no mercado, foi necessário
projetar componentes de ligação e suportes específicos para o desenvolvimento do centro de
maquinagem, como por exemplo, os apoios para os motores stepper.
De modo a validar o modelo final do centro de maquinagem de 4 eixos, foram elaborados
cálculos das velocidades dos diferentes sistemas de movimentação e simulações estáticas de
diversos componentes considerados críticos, com intuito de verificar quais as deformações
sofridas por estes, permitindo ainda verificar qual a exatidão do equipamento.
The following work aims to improve the structure of a CNC machining center of 3-axis previously designed in a final project of degree of Mechanical Engineering and to add a fourth axis to it, in order to make the equipment more versatile. It is intended that the machining center in question has a working volume higher than the existent centers on the market, ie it must have a working volume in the order of 4,0×2,0×1,5 m. The machining center is designed for machining soft materials, such as some types of polyurethane and MDF. It is intended that the 4-axis CNC in addition to machining materials such as MDF, can be used as a multifunction device, such as plasma cutting or even 3D printing. The development of the final model of the 4-axis machining center consisted of an iterative process, always with the aim of finding a model that could satisfy the desired needs. The next step is to select the different components needed to manufacture the machining center, such as profiles, linear guides, spindles, pinions, racks, stepper motors, among others. In addition to the components already on the market, it was necessary to design specific connection and support components for the development of the machining center, such as stepper motor supports. In order to validate the final model of the 4-axis machining center, speed calculations of the different moving systems and static simulations of several critical components were made, in order to verify the deformations suffered by them, allowing to check the accuracy of the equipment.
The following work aims to improve the structure of a CNC machining center of 3-axis previously designed in a final project of degree of Mechanical Engineering and to add a fourth axis to it, in order to make the equipment more versatile. It is intended that the machining center in question has a working volume higher than the existent centers on the market, ie it must have a working volume in the order of 4,0×2,0×1,5 m. The machining center is designed for machining soft materials, such as some types of polyurethane and MDF. It is intended that the 4-axis CNC in addition to machining materials such as MDF, can be used as a multifunction device, such as plasma cutting or even 3D printing. The development of the final model of the 4-axis machining center consisted of an iterative process, always with the aim of finding a model that could satisfy the desired needs. The next step is to select the different components needed to manufacture the machining center, such as profiles, linear guides, spindles, pinions, racks, stepper motors, among others. In addition to the components already on the market, it was necessary to design specific connection and support components for the development of the machining center, such as stepper motor supports. In order to validate the final model of the 4-axis machining center, speed calculations of the different moving systems and static simulations of several critical components were made, in order to verify the deformations suffered by them, allowing to check the accuracy of the equipment.
Description
Keywords
CNC Maquinagem SolidWorks® 4 eixos Multifunções