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Phenolic composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of cardoon blades at different growth stages

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dc.contributor.authorMandim, Filipa
dc.contributor.authorPetropoulos, Spyridon Α.
dc.contributor.authorPinela, José
dc.contributor.authorDias, Maria Inês
dc.contributor.authorKostić, Marina
dc.contributor.authorSoković, Marina
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Isabel C.F.R.
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.contributor.authorSantos-Buelga, Celestino
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-19T10:00:00Z
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-22T10:18:41Z
dc.date.available2018-01-19T10:00:00Z
dc.date.available2020-06-22T10:18:41Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractThe rapid increase of the world population has promoted a more sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. To achieve complete and proper upcycling of plant crops, it is important to know their potential for industrial exploitation. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a species native to the Mediterranean basin widely used in different sectors, including food and pharmaceuticals. Despite their multiple industrial applications, not all plant tissues have been incorporated into the value chain. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the phenolic composition and bioactive properties of cardoon blades throughout the phenological growth cycle. In addition to the structural variety of phytochemicals detected in the blade extracts, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and antimicrobial properties were also highlighted. While immature material showed higher levels of phenolic compounds and greater potential to inhibit lipid peroxidation, samples at higher development stages had greater anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential. These results demonstrate that the growth cycle influences the bioactive potential of cardoon blades and will be useful to establish suitable industrial applications, such as the development of ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals, among other products. Abstract: Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) blades were collected at sixteen sampling dates (B1–B16) to study the influence of the phenological growth stage on the phenolic composition and biological properties. Twenty phenolic compounds were identified, among which trans 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 5-O- caffeoylquinic acid, and luteolin-O-hexoside (39.6, 42.6, and 101.0 mg/g extract, respectively) were the main compounds. Immature blades (B3) had a higher content of phenolic compounds (178 mg/g extract) and a greater ability to inhibit the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (IC50 of 1.61 μg/mL). Samples at more advanced growth stages revealed a greater capacity to inhibit oxidative hemolysis (B8, IC50 of 25 and 47.4 μg/mL for ∆t of 60 and 120 min, respectively) and higher cytotoxic (B8–B13, GI50 between 7.1 and 17 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (B13, IC50 of 10 μg/mL), and antibacterial activities. In turn, the antifungal activity varied depending on the tested fungi. All these results suggest that maturity influences the phenolic composition and bioactive properties of cardoon blades, which reveal great potential for the development of bioactive ingredients for food and pharmaceutical applications, among others.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support of national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); for the F.M. PhD grant (SFRH/BD/146614/2019); and the contracts of J.P. (CEECIND/01001/2018, Project NutriTech), M.I.D., and L.B. (institutional scientific employment program-contract). The authors are grateful to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project GreenHealth, Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042, and Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2020-14/200007). The GIP-USAL is funded by Junta de Castilla y León (Spain) through the Project SA093P20 and the Strategic Research Program for Units of Excellence (ref. CLU-2018-04).
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionen_EN
dc.identifier.citationMandim, Filipa; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.; Pinela, José; Dias, Maria Inês; Kostić, Marina; Soković, Marina; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, Lillian; Santos-Buelga, Celestino (2022). Phenolic composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of cardoon blades at different growth stages. Biology. EISSN 2079-7737. 11:5, p. 1-17en_EN
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biology11050699en_EN
dc.identifier.eissn2079-7737
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/22326
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyesen_EN
dc.relationCEECIND/01001/2018
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationIntegrated strategies for the development of a novel functional beverage with sustainable production systems
dc.subjectCardoon blades
dc.subjectPhenolic compounds
dc.subjectPhenological growth stage
dc.subjectAntioxidant activity
dc.subjectTumor cell growth inhibition
dc.subjectAntibacterial/antifungal activity
dc.subjectSustainable ingredients
dc.titlePhenolic composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of cardoon blades at different growth stagesen_EN
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/00690/2020
oaire.awardNumberSFRH/BD/146614/2019
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleIntegrated strategies for the development of a novel functional beverage with sustainable production systems
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//SFRH%2FBD%2F146614%2F2019/PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameMandim
person.familyNamePinela
person.familyNameDias
person.familyNameFerreira
person.familyNameBarros
person.givenNameFilipa
person.givenNameJosé
person.givenNameMaria Inês
person.givenNameIsabel C.F.R.
person.givenNameLillian
person.identifier144781
person.identifier469085
person.identifier.ciencia-idF318-9049-EB99
person.identifier.ciencia-id771C-2B43-B108
person.identifier.ciencia-id2A13-4BE6-C7CF
person.identifier.ciencia-id9418-CF95-9919
person.identifier.ciencia-id9616-35CB-D001
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6494-2326
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7523-1637
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8744-7814
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4910-4882
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9050-5189
person.identifier.ridB-4466-2014
person.identifier.ridM-8242-2013
person.identifier.ridE-8500-2013
person.identifier.ridJ-3600-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id54392272800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id54388787000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36868826600
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35236343600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen_EN
rcaap.typearticleen_EN
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