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Em Portugal tem-se assistido a um aumento significativo da produção de castanha, em especial na região de Trás-os-Montes.
Neste trabalho iremos debruçar-nos sobre a freguesia de Curros, no concelho de Valpaços, nesta região. Através de um estudo monográfico pretende-se conhecer quais as técnicas culturais e de comercialização praticadas pelos produtores de castanha. Para a recolha de informação foi elaborado um questionário, estruturado em três partes: a primeira permite-nos traçar o perfil socioeconómico dos produtores e famílias; a segunda, conhecer as técnicas produtivas desta cultura e a terceira saber como é feito o escoamento da produção de castanha.
Foram inquiridos 68 produtores de castanha nas aldeias de Curros, Cabanas e Vale de Campo. Nem todos os inquiridos são atualmente residentes nas aldeias referidas, regressando na época de mais trabalho para participar na apanha das suas castanhas.
Verificamos que utilizam com frequência algumas técnicas culturais como as lavouras dos soutos bem como a adubação e a estrumação. Alguns produtores fazem também tratamentos sanitários aos castanheiros.
Para além da castanha vendida, verificamos também outras fontes de rendimento: a lenha proveniente da poda dos castanheiros é utilizada no aquecimento das suas casas, e os cogumelos recolhidos nos soutos são consumidos pelos próprios, por familiares e amigos.
Para a apanha da castanha, sendo esta a época mais trabalhosa, é frequentemente contratada mão-de-obra assalariada.
O escoamento da castanha é feito através de cinco empresas sediadas nesta região. Apesar das diferenças de preços no início e no final de cada época, este é sempre um produto economicamente muito relevante na região.
In Portugal, we have witnessed a significant increase in cashew production, especially in the region of Trás-os-Montes. In this work we will dwell on the Curros parish in the municipality of Chaves in this region. Through a monographic study is intended to know which cultural and marketing techniques practiced by producers of cashew. For the collection of information a questionnaire was prepared, structured in three parts: the first allows us to trace the socio-economic profile of farmers and families; the second, know the production techniques with this culture and the third to know how is the flow of nut production. Sixty eight chestnut producers were surveyed in villages Curros, Cabanas and Valley Field. Not all respondents are currently living in these villages, returning in time for more work to participate in picking their nuts. We found that often utilize some cultural techniques such as crop of groves as well as fertilization and organization. Some producers also make the chestnut health treatments. Apart Chestnut sold also checked other sources of income: the wood from the pruning of chestnut trees is used to heat their homes, and mushrooms gathered in the groves are consumed by it, by family and friends. For harvesting the nuts, and this time the most laborious, are often contracted manpower employed. The flow Chestnut is done through five reputable company in this region. Despite the differences in prices at the beginning and end of each season, this is always a very economically important product in this region.
In Portugal, we have witnessed a significant increase in cashew production, especially in the region of Trás-os-Montes. In this work we will dwell on the Curros parish in the municipality of Chaves in this region. Through a monographic study is intended to know which cultural and marketing techniques practiced by producers of cashew. For the collection of information a questionnaire was prepared, structured in three parts: the first allows us to trace the socio-economic profile of farmers and families; the second, know the production techniques with this culture and the third to know how is the flow of nut production. Sixty eight chestnut producers were surveyed in villages Curros, Cabanas and Valley Field. Not all respondents are currently living in these villages, returning in time for more work to participate in picking their nuts. We found that often utilize some cultural techniques such as crop of groves as well as fertilization and organization. Some producers also make the chestnut health treatments. Apart Chestnut sold also checked other sources of income: the wood from the pruning of chestnut trees is used to heat their homes, and mushrooms gathered in the groves are consumed by it, by family and friends. For harvesting the nuts, and this time the most laborious, are often contracted manpower employed. The flow Chestnut is done through five reputable company in this region. Despite the differences in prices at the beginning and end of each season, this is always a very economically important product in this region.