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Caracterização do extrato de resíduos e polpa da toranja (Citrus × paradisi Macfad) com potencial bioativo
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A toranja (Citrus x paradisi Macfad) é o sexto fruto cítrico mais consumido em todo o mundo, conhecido pelo seu sabor picante e coloração da polpa vermelho-rosada, ela é uma fonte de vitaminas e minerais, além de ser rica em compostos bioativos. O seu principal consumo é a partir do sumo ou polpa da fruta, sendo que as cascas e o mesocarpo são um resíduo. Estudos demonstraram que, de forma geral, a maior parte dos resíduos sólidos vegetais possui uma composição química que inclui quantidades elevadas de compostos bioativos, fibras, vitaminas, entre outros.
Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e comparar a composição centesimal e química das cascas, mesocarpo e polpa da toranja, além de avaliar as bioatividades do extrato obtido a partir dessas partes.
O teor de cinzas, proteínas, gorduras, fibras e hidratos de carbono foram determinados seguindo as metodologias oficiais de análise. O mesocarpo destacou-se com o maior teor de fibras, sendo este aproximadamente seis vezes maior do que o encontrado na polpa da fruta (6,7 e 1,01 g/100 de massa fresca, respetivamente).
Entretanto, a polpa demonstrou ser a fração com a maior quantidade de açúcares livres (5,4 g/100g de massa fresca), destacando-se a sacarose (2,6 g/100g de massa fresca). A casca apresentou a maior percentagem de ácidos gordos polinsaturados (43%), enquanto o mesocarpo apresentou a maior percentagem de ácidos gordos monoinsaturados (29,20%).
Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad) is the sixth most consumed citrus fruit worldwide known for its tangy flavor and reddish-pink pulp color. It is a source of vitamins and minerals and is rich in bioactive compounds. Its main consumption is in the form of juice or fruit pulp, while the peels and mesocarp are considered waste. Studies have shown that most vegetable solid wastes have a chemical composition that includes high amounts of bioactive compounds, fibers, vitamins, among others. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare the centesimal and chemical composition of grapefruit peels, mesocarp, and pulp, as well as to evaluate the bioactivities of their extracts. The ash, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate contents were determined following official analysis methodologies. The mesocarp stood out with the highest fiber content, approximately six times higher than that found in the fruit pulp (6.71 and 1.01 g/100 g of fresh weight, respectively). However, the pulp demonstrated to be the fraction with the highest amount of free sugars (5.4 g/100 g of fresh weight), with sucrose being prominent (2.6 g/100g of fresh weight). The peel showed the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (43%), while the mesocarp had the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (29.20%).
Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad) is the sixth most consumed citrus fruit worldwide known for its tangy flavor and reddish-pink pulp color. It is a source of vitamins and minerals and is rich in bioactive compounds. Its main consumption is in the form of juice or fruit pulp, while the peels and mesocarp are considered waste. Studies have shown that most vegetable solid wastes have a chemical composition that includes high amounts of bioactive compounds, fibers, vitamins, among others. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare the centesimal and chemical composition of grapefruit peels, mesocarp, and pulp, as well as to evaluate the bioactivities of their extracts. The ash, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate contents were determined following official analysis methodologies. The mesocarp stood out with the highest fiber content, approximately six times higher than that found in the fruit pulp (6.71 and 1.01 g/100 g of fresh weight, respectively). However, the pulp demonstrated to be the fraction with the highest amount of free sugars (5.4 g/100 g of fresh weight), with sucrose being prominent (2.6 g/100g of fresh weight). The peel showed the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (43%), while the mesocarp had the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (29.20%).
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Composição centesimal Compostos fenólicos Bioatividade Resíduos Vegetais Antioxidantes naturais