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Abstract(s)
A qualidade de vida da população, nas suas múltiplas dimensões, depende da qualidade do espaço urbano. A capacidade de planear cidades que respondam aos requisitos individuais, considerando aspectos globais, como as alterações climáticas ou a preservação de recursos, é um dos mais importantes desígnios da sociedade contemporânea. Assim como outras estruturas complexas, as cidades funcionam pela relação de partes, onde indivíduos, habitações e outros componentes constituem estruturas sucessivamente complementares que formam uma realidade urbana, de complexidade variável, num todo nem sempre coerente e funcional. Neste contexto, os bairros, como blocos construtivos da cidade, permitem uma abordagem suficientemente grande para considerar amplas questões de sustentabilidade e suficientemente pequena para afetar a vida das pessoas e promover facilidade de implementação. Este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar indicadores de sustentabilidade ao contexto urbano, considerando dois bairros contrastantes da cidade de Bragança (Portugal): um tradicional e outro contemporâneo. A escolha dos indicadores para a avaliação se deu por meio de um método de seleção que envolveu a identificação de princípios relacionados à escala de Bairro em documentos internacionais, nomeadamente a Carta do Novo Urbanismo, a Nova Carta de Atenas, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Objetivo 11) e a Nova Agenda Urbana. Além disso, a escolha de indicadores considerou a disponibilidade de dados e sua aplicação no contexto local. Como resultado, obteve-se um sistema de 14 indicadores: Complexidade urbana; Compacidade corrigida; Proximidade aos equipamentos; Espaços verdes de acesso ao público; Densidade populacional e habitacional; Espaços de permanência per capita; Proximidade aos pontos de recolha de resíduos; Proximidade a transportes alternativos ao veículo privado; Espaço viário destinado ao peão; Fator de Visão do Céu; Estado de conservação dos edifícios; Percentagem de áreas impermeáveis e Superfície urbana em zona de potencial inundação. Embora similaridades tenham sido encontradas, ambos os contextos apresentaram diferentes performances, sem benefícios claros e exclusivos de um dos bairros. Para além desta interpretação, a avaliação espacial do interior do Bairro permitiu uma análise mais aprofundada. Neste estudo, os indicadores se mostraram ferramentas efetivas de análise, por auxiliar no processo de planeamento. Em trabalhos futuros, estudos complementares devem ser incluídos na avaliação, como a percepção da população e análise de governança.
The population quality of life, in its multiple dimensions, depends on the quality of the urban space. The ability to plan cities that respond to individual requirements, while meeting global goals, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation or the preservation of resources, is one of the most important purposes of the contemporary society. Like other complex structures, cities work through inter-relations between fundamental units (along with outside structures). In essence, inhabitants, houses and other structures are part of successive and complementary frameworks of a whole, not always coherent and functional. Under this context, neighbourhoods, as building blocks of cities, allow for an approach, large enough to consider a broad range of sustainability issues and small enough to affect people’s life and facilitate the implementation process of sustainability practices. This study aims to apply diverse sustainable indicators in the urban context, considering contrasting neighbourhoods in the city of Bragança (Portugal): one traditional and one contemporary. To prompt an adequate choice of indicator to apply in the assessment of the neighbourhoods, an indicators selection method was developed, regarding the necessity of integration of as many aspects with influence on the sustainability as possible. This step meant the search for principles related to neighbourhood sustainability in international documents, namely The Charter of the New Urbanism, the New Charter of Athens, the Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 11) and the New Urban Agenda. In addition, the choice of indicators considered data availability and its applicability in the local context. As a result, a framework of 14 indicators was obtained: Urban complexity; Corrected compactness; Proximity to equipment; Green spaces; Population and housing density; Living spaces per capita; Proximity to waste collection; Proximity to alternative transport; Pedestrian Spaces; Sky View Factor; Conservation of buildings; Percentage of impermeable areas and Urban area in flood zone. Although similarities were found, both traditional neighbourhoods and new developments had differentiated performance, with no clear single benefit on one of selected neighbourhoods. Further interpretation, based on inner neighbourhood analysis, allow for additional in depth analysis. In this study, indicators prove to be effective tools for neighbourhood analysis, as they may provide support in planning processes. In the future, additional and complementary activities should be included, such as public perceptions and governance analysis.
The population quality of life, in its multiple dimensions, depends on the quality of the urban space. The ability to plan cities that respond to individual requirements, while meeting global goals, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation or the preservation of resources, is one of the most important purposes of the contemporary society. Like other complex structures, cities work through inter-relations between fundamental units (along with outside structures). In essence, inhabitants, houses and other structures are part of successive and complementary frameworks of a whole, not always coherent and functional. Under this context, neighbourhoods, as building blocks of cities, allow for an approach, large enough to consider a broad range of sustainability issues and small enough to affect people’s life and facilitate the implementation process of sustainability practices. This study aims to apply diverse sustainable indicators in the urban context, considering contrasting neighbourhoods in the city of Bragança (Portugal): one traditional and one contemporary. To prompt an adequate choice of indicator to apply in the assessment of the neighbourhoods, an indicators selection method was developed, regarding the necessity of integration of as many aspects with influence on the sustainability as possible. This step meant the search for principles related to neighbourhood sustainability in international documents, namely The Charter of the New Urbanism, the New Charter of Athens, the Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 11) and the New Urban Agenda. In addition, the choice of indicators considered data availability and its applicability in the local context. As a result, a framework of 14 indicators was obtained: Urban complexity; Corrected compactness; Proximity to equipment; Green spaces; Population and housing density; Living spaces per capita; Proximity to waste collection; Proximity to alternative transport; Pedestrian Spaces; Sky View Factor; Conservation of buildings; Percentage of impermeable areas and Urban area in flood zone. Although similarities were found, both traditional neighbourhoods and new developments had differentiated performance, with no clear single benefit on one of selected neighbourhoods. Further interpretation, based on inner neighbourhood analysis, allow for additional in depth analysis. In this study, indicators prove to be effective tools for neighbourhood analysis, as they may provide support in planning processes. In the future, additional and complementary activities should be included, such as public perceptions and governance analysis.
Description
Mestrado com dupla diplomação com a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Indicadores Bairro Princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável